Multi-objective optimization of methionine+cysteine levels in diets for growing pigs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v33n4a03Keywords:
carcass characteristics, cysteine, growth performance, methionine, nutritional requirements, protein, pigs, sulfur amino acids, swine nutritionAbstract
Background: The addition of synthetic methionine to growing pig diets should consider the requirements of the methionine+cysteine complex, as most cysteine is obtained through dietary methionine. Objective: To determine an optimal level of methionine+cysteine (Met+Cys) in growing pig diets. Methods: Ninety-nine hybrid (Yorkshire×Landrace×Duroc) barrows were used in a completely randomized design (initial body weight: 25.90±3.99 kg). Nine levels of Met+Cys (0.500, 0.525, 0.550, 0.575, 0.600, 0.625, 0.650, 0.675, and 0.700%) were evaluated during 35 days. To determine a multi-objective optimal level of Met+Cys, growth performance and strongly related carcass traits were evaluated. Results: Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed:gain ratio (FGR) showed a linear response to the dietary Met+Cys level (p<0.05), with estimated optimal concentration at 0.700%. Average daily gain (ADG) did not show any effect on the Met+Cys level (p>0.05). Carcass characteristics were not affected by the Met+Cys concentration (p>0.05). The multi-objective optimal level for ADG, ADFI, and FGR was 0.667% Met+Cys. Conclusions: According to our results, 0.667% Met+Cys is the best concentration in diets for growing pigs.
Downloads
References
Baker DH. Partitioning of nutrients for growth and other metabolic functions: efficiency and priority considerations. Poult Sci 1991; 70(8):1797-1805. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0701797
Batterham ES, Andersen LM, Baigent DR. Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: methionine. Br J Nutr 1993; 70(3):711-720. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19930166
Bauchart-Thevret C, Stoll B, Chacko S, Burrin DG. Sulfur amino acid deficiency upregulates intestinal methionine cycle activity and suppresses epithelial growth in neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296(6):1239-1250. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.91021.2008
Burson D, Berg E. Procedures for estimating pork carcass composition. Pork quality facts. Des Moines, IA, USA: National Pork Producers Council; 2001.
Caldara FR, Berto DA, Bisinoto KS, da Trindade Neto MA, Wechsler FS. Exigências em metionina de leitões de 6 a 11kg com base no conceito da proteína ideal. Acta Sci Anim Sci 2003; 25(1):129-135. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2131
Castellano R, Perruchot MH, Conde-Aguilera JA, Van Milgen J, Collin A, Tesseraud S, Mercier Y, Gondret F. A methionine deficient diet enhances adipose tissue lipid metabolism and alters anti-oxidant pathways in young growing pigs. Plos One 2015; 10(7):e0130514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130514
Chen Y, Li D, Dai Z, Piao X, Wu Z, Wang B, Zhu Y, Zeng Z. L-methionine supplementation maintains the integrity and barrier function of the small-intestinal mucosa in post-weaning piglets. Amino Acids 2014; 46(4):1131-1142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-014-1675-5
CIOMS (Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences). International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals. Geneva, Switzerland: CIOMS; 2012.
Conde-Aguilera JA, Barea R, Le Floc'h N, Lefaucheur L, Van Milgen J. A sulfur amino acid deficiency changes the amino acid composition of body protein in piglets. Anim 2010; 4(8):1349-1358. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731110000340
Conde-Aguilera JA, Cobo-Ortega C, Mercier Y, Tesseraud S, Van Milgen J. The amino acid composition of tissue protein is affected by the total sulfur amino acid supply in growing pigs. Anim 2014; 8(3):401-409. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731113002425
Conde-Aguilera JA, Lefaucheur L, Tesseraud S, Mercier Y, Le Floc'h N, van Milgen J. Skeletal muscles respond differently when piglets are offered a diet 30% deficient in total sulfur amino acid for 10 days. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55(1):117-126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0830-9
de Oliveira Silva FC, Pinheiro RW, Fontes DO, Scottá BA, Almeida M, Souza LPO, Vidal TZ. Níveis de metionina+cistina para leitões dos 6 aos 16 kg submetidos a diferentes graus de ativação do sistema imune. Rev Bras Saúde Prod Anim 2015; 16(4):827-838. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402015000400007
García E. Modificaciones al sistema de clasificación de Köppen (para adaptarlas a las condiciones de la República Mexicana). 4ta ed. México, DF: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geografía; 1988.
Kiefer C, Ferreira AS, Donzele JL, Oliveira RFM, Silva FCO, Brustolini PC. Exigência de metionina+cistina digestíveis para suínos machos castrados mantidos em ambiente termoneutro dos 30 aos 60 kg. R Bras Zootec 2005; 34(3):847-854. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982005000300016
Li H, Wan H, Mercier Y, Zhang X, Wu C, Wu X, Wu X, Tang L, Che L. Lin Y, Xu S, Tian G, Wu D, Fang Z. Changes in plasma amino acid profiles, growth performance and intestinal antioxidant capacity of piglets following increased consumption of methionine as its hydroxy analogue. Br J Nutr 2014; 112(6):855-867. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451400172X
Martinez-Ramirez HR, Jeaurond EA, de Lange CF. Dynamics of body protein deposition and changes in body composition after sudden changes in amino acid intake: I. Barrows. J Anim Sci 2008; 86(9):2156-2167. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0235
Metayer S, Seiliez I, Collin A, Duchene S, Mercier Y, Geraert PA, Tesseraud S. Mechanisms through which sulfur amino acids control protein metabolism and oxidative status. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 19(4):207-215. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.05.006
MINITAB. MINITAB statistical software. V15. PA, USA; 2007.Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM-062-ZOO-1999). Especificaciones técnicas para la producción, cuidado y uso de animales de laboratorio.
Ochoa M. L. I. México, DF: Diario Oficial de la Federación; 2001.
NRC (National Research Council). Nutrient requirements of swine. 10th ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press; 1998.
NRC (National Research Council). Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press; 2012.
Opapeju FO, Htoo JK, Dapoza C, Nyachoti CM. Bioavailability of methionine hydroxy analog-calcium salt relative to DL-methionine to support nitrogen retention and growth in starter pigs. Anim 2012; 6(11):1750-1756. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112000869
Pena SM, Lopes DC, Rostagno HS, de Oliveira Silva FC, Donzele JL. Relações metionina mais cistina digestível:lisina digestível em dietas suplementadas com ractopamina para suínos em terminação. R Bras Zootec 2008; 37(11):1978-1983. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982008001100012
Rakhshandeh A, Htoo JK, Karrow N, Miller SP, de Lange CF. Impact of immune system stimulation on the ileal nutrient digestibility and utilisation of methionine plus cysteine intake for whole-body protein deposition in growing pigs. Br J Nutr 2014; 111(1):101-110. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513001955
Rostagno HS, Albino LFT, Donzeme JL, Gomez PC, Oliveira RF, Lopez DC, Ferreira AS, Barreto SLT, Euclides RF. Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine. Composition of feedstuffs and nutritional requirements. 3rd ed. Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil: Universidade Federal de Vicosa- Departamento de Zootecnia; 2011.
Rostagno HS, Albino LFT, Hannas MI, Donzele JL, Sakomura NK, Perazzo FG, Saraiva A, Abreu MLT, Rodriguez PB, Oliveira RF, Barreto SLT, Brito CO. Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine. Composition of feedstuffs and nutritional requirements. 4th ed. Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil: Universidade Federal de Vicosa- Departamento de Zootecnia; 2017.
Santos FDA, Donzele JL, Oliveira RFMD, Silva FCDO, Abreu MLTD, Saraiva A, Brustolini PCU. Exigência de metionina+cistina digestíveis em suínos machos castrados de alto potencial genético na fase dos 60 aos 95 kg. R Bras Zootec 2007; 36(6):2047-2053. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982007000900014
Santos FA, Donzele JL, Oliveira FCS, Oliveira RFM, Abreu MLT, Saraiva A, Haese D, Kill JL. Levels of digestible methionine+cystine in diets for high genetic potential barrows from 95 to 125 kg. R Bras Zootec 2011; 40(3):581-586. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982011000300016
Tesseraud S, Coustard SM, Collin A, Seiliez I. Role of sulfur amino acid in controlling nutrient metabolism and cell functions: implication for nutrition. Br J Nutr 2009; 101(8):1132-1139. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508159025
Wu G, Wu ZL, Dai ZL, Yang Y, Wang W, Liu C, Wang B, Wang J, Yin Y. Dietary requirements of nutritionally nonessential amino acids by animals and humans. Amino Acids 2013; 44(4):1107-1113. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-012-1444-2
Ying Y, Yun J, Guoyao W, Kaiji S, Zhaolai D, Zhenlong W. Dietary L-methionine restriction decreases oxidative stress in porcine liver mitochondria. Exp Gerontol 2015; 65:35-41. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2015.03.004
Zhang GJ, Xie CY, Thacker PA, Htoo JK, Qiao SY. Estimation of the ideal ratio of standardized ileal digestible threonine to lysine for growing pigs (22–50 kg) fed low crude protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013; 180(4):83-91. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.01.006
Zheng P, Yu B, He J, Tian G, Luo Y, Mao X, Zhang K, Che L, Chen D. Protective effects of dietary arginine supplementation against oxidative stress in weaned piglets. Br J Nutr 2013; 109(12):2253-2560. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512004321
Zhou X, He L, Wan D, Yang H, Yao K, Wu G, Wu X, Yin Y. Methionine restriction on lipid metabolism and its possible mechanisms. Amino Acids 2016; 48(7):1533-1540. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-016-2247-7
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors enable RCCP to reprint the material published in it.
The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions, and will allow the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
