Viref Revista de Educación Física
Instituto Universitario de Educación Física y Deporte
ISSN
Kenioua Mouloud*, Nawal Krine
University Ouargla,
Abstract
Objective: to analyze the mental health of physical education students before and during
lockdown. Method: a descriptive study was cconducted. The Mental Health Scale was employed to assess mental health of physical education students. An online survey was fulfilled by 103 students of the Institute of Physical Education and Sport, University of Ouargla, in Algeria. Results: the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in mental health among physical education students before and during lockdown. There were no statistically significant differences in mental health among students before and during the lockdown period, depending on the academic level variable, and there were statistically significant differences in mental health among students before and during the lockdown period, depending on the city variable. Conclusion: establishing online mental health platforms and programs is necessary.
keywords:
Introduction
At the end of December 2019, the Chinese city of Wuhan woke up to a new, mysterious virus was called Corona Virus
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VIREF Revista de Educación Física • ISSN
During this critical period, few studies touched on mental health problems among university and institute students (Grubic et al., 2020), in a study of Cao et al. (2020) that revolved around the effect of
Method
Participants: the physical education students from Physical Education Institute University of Ouargla were invited to participate in the current study. They used various social media to answer the electronic questionnaire. The number of participants reached 103 students;
63.1% were master students and 36.9% were bachelor students, distributed in three states: 45% were from Ouargla, 29% from Ghardaia, and 27% from Touggourt.
Measurement: in order to achieve the goals of the current study, an appropriate measuring instrument is necessary, characterized by validity and reliability for the purpose of identifying the mental health of physical education students. Therefore, the mental health scale for
Procedure: considering the circumstances in which the entire world lives, the electronic answer was the best solution, as students took advantage of various social media in order to respond in the period between 30/04/2020 – 07/05/2020 in a Google form, and the electronic questionnaire was published on the website of the Institute of Physical Education.
Data analyses: data analyses were carried out by means of Statistical Packet for Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.00 software program. The Mean, Std. Deviation,
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Results
In this section, the findings obtained from the data analyses related to the mental health among physical education student before and during lockdown are given in detail. Findings related to the level of mental health are shown in Table 1. The level of mental health among physical education student before and during lockdown for each item are given. The arithmetic means of mental health level before lockdown in total were M=4.42 (S.D= .635) and M=3.55 (S.D=1.143), respectively.
Table 1. Means and Standard Deviations before and during lockdown.
Before lockdown |
|
During lockdown |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item |
N |
Mean |
SD |
Item |
N |
Mean |
SD |
1 |
103 |
2.72 |
.794 |
1 |
103 |
3.33 |
.922 |
2 |
103 |
3.74 |
.925 |
2 |
103 |
3.50 |
1.074 |
3 |
103 |
4.32 |
.730 |
3 |
103 |
3.93 |
.910 |
4 |
103 |
3.63 |
.907 |
4 |
103 |
3.69 |
.958 |
5 |
103 |
3.49 |
1.110 |
5 |
103 |
3.49 |
1.110 |
6 |
103 |
4.73 |
.484 |
6 |
103 |
4.47 |
.861 |
7 |
103 |
4.58 |
.679 |
7 |
103 |
4.41 |
.869 |
8 |
103 |
4.17 |
.933 |
8 |
103 |
4.05 |
.937 |
9 |
103 |
3.97 |
.772 |
9 |
103 |
3.80 |
.780 |
10 |
103 |
3.84 |
.710 |
10 |
103 |
3.49 |
.752 |
11 |
103 |
4.26 |
.699 |
11 |
103 |
3.83 |
.919 |
12 |
103 |
4.75 |
.494 |
12 |
103 |
4.49 |
.814 |
13 |
103 |
4.40 |
.746 |
13 |
103 |
4.13 |
.897 |
14 |
103 |
4.45 |
.668 |
14 |
103 |
2.77 |
1.195 |
15 |
103 |
4.33 |
.691 |
15 |
103 |
3.84 |
.926 |
16 |
103 |
4.30 |
.802 |
16 |
103 |
3.76 |
.972 |
17 |
103 |
4.18 |
.837 |
17 |
103 |
3.69 |
1.074 |
18 |
103 |
4.42 |
.787 |
18 |
103 |
4.09 |
1.098 |
19 |
103 |
4.04 |
.809 |
19 |
103 |
3.70 |
.914 |
20 |
103 |
4.42 |
.635 |
20 |
103 |
3.55 |
1.143 |
21 |
103 |
4.51 |
.698 |
21 |
103 |
4.22 |
.895 |
22 |
103 |
4.46 |
.683 |
22 |
103 |
4.05 |
.998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
103 |
4.18 |
.319 |
Total |
103 |
3.83 |
.420 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N=total number in sample, SD=standard deviation.
Through Table 2, it was found that there are statistically significant differences in mental health among physical education students before and during lockdown at the significance
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level (0.05), going back to Table 1 to find out the arithmetic means, it is clear that the differences are in favour of physical education students before the lockdown period.
Table 2. Compare means before and during lockdown.
Mental health |
|
SS |
df |
MS |
F |
Sig. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Combined |
5,746 |
29 |
0,198 |
3,099 |
0,000 |
|
Between Groups |
Linearity |
2,017 |
1 |
2,017 |
31,539 |
0,000 |
|
|
Deviation from linearity |
3,729 |
28 |
0,133 |
2,083 |
0,007 |
|
Within Groups |
|
4,667 |
73 |
0,064 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
10,413 |
102 |
|
|
|
SS=sum of squares, df=degrees of freedom, MS=mean square,
In Table 3, statistical results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in mental health among students before and during the lockdown period, depending on the academic level variable (master/bachelor).
Table 3. Differences in mental health depending on the academic level variable.
Mental health |
Level |
N |
Mean |
SD |
F |
Sig. |
t |
df |
Sig. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Before lockdown |
Master |
65 |
4.16 |
.306 |
.142 |
.70 |
101 |
.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bachelor |
38 |
4.20 |
.343 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During lockdown |
Master |
65 |
3.81 |
.415 |
.587 |
.44 |
101 |
.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bachelor |
38 |
3.88 |
.432 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N=total number in sample, SD=standard deviation, F=
Statistical results of table 4 indicated that there were statistically significant differences in mental health among students before and during the lockdown period, depending on the city variable. The cities where there are differences in mental health among physical education students, are the same cities before and during the lockdown (Table 5).
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Table 4. Differences in mental health depending on the city variable.
Mental health |
|
SS |
df |
MS |
F |
Sig. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Between Groups |
.760 |
2 |
.380 |
3.936 |
.023 |
Before lockdown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Within Groups |
9.653 |
100 |
.097 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
10.413 |
102 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Between Groups |
1.727 |
2 |
.864 |
5.288 |
.007 |
During lockdown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Within Groups |
16.332 |
100 |
.163 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
18.060 |
102 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SS=sum of squares, df=degrees of freedom, MS=mean square,
Table 5. Least Significant Differences in mental health depending on the city variable.
Dependent variable |
City I |
City J |
MD |
SE |
Sig. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ouargla |
Ghardaia |
.07337 |
.659 |
|
|
Ghardaia |
Touggourt |
.07503 |
.007 |
|
Before lockdown |
Ghardaia |
Ouargla |
.03248 |
.07337 |
.659 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Touggourt |
.08309 |
.040 |
|
|
Touggourt |
Ouargla |
.20524* |
.07503 |
.007 |
|
|
Ghardaia |
.17276* |
.08309 |
.040 |
|
Ouargla |
Ghardaia |
.09543 |
.327 |
|
|
|
Touggourt |
.09759 |
.002 |
|
During lockdown |
Ghardaia |
Ouargla |
.09404 |
.09543 |
.327 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Touggourt |
.10808 |
.042 |
|
|
Touggourt |
Ouargla |
.31650* |
.09759 |
.002 |
|
|
Ghardaia |
.22245* |
.10808 |
.042 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MD=mean difference, SE=standard error, Sig.=statistical significance.
Discussion
As a result of the outbreak of
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for the benefit of students before lockdown. University students decreased their mental health level during the lockdown and psychological symptoms appeared (Kazmi et al., 2020); various psychological problems increased such as depression, anxiety, and panic disorder (Hiremath et al., 2020). The depression symptoms increased for University students during the lockdown, among the causes are isolation, the social distancing, and stay away from colleagues and friends (Meda et al., 2020). In a study by Naser et al. (2020) that aimed at knowing the mental health of the general public, the results showed that University students had the highest rate of anxiety due to the suspension of lessons and lectures, and fear of the future. The change in lifestyle had an impact on mental health, such as staying at home, lack of exercise in the gym or stadium, and sitting in front of electronic screens the reason for insomnia, loss of appetite, and poor concentration in everything (Chatterjee et al., 2020).
Regarding to the mental health among physical education students, according to the variable of academic level and the city, the results showed that there are no statistically significant differences before and during the lockdown according to the variable of the academic level, and there are statistically significant differences before and during the lockdown according to the city variable. Wang et al. (2020) indicated in a study of some psychological responses (anxiety, depression, and stress) in Chinese cities during the beginning of the lockdown that there were no differences in psychological responses between students of Bachelor and Master. University students differed their psychological characteristics during the period of lockdown, and this is according to their place of residence (Cao et al., 2020), this difference is due to the architectural nature of each city, being rural or urban and population density.
Conclusion
The
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References
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Sahu, P. (2020). closure of universities due to Coronavirus disease 2019
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Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C.S., Ho, R.C. (2020).Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 Coronavirus disease
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