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The relationship between fear and sports

injuries among female futsal players

Shimal H. Hamad Chomani

, Iryna Skrypchenko

, Magni Mohr

Ph.D., researcher and lecturer at Department of Physical Education, Soran University, Erbil-Iraq.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-3680 shamal.hamad@soran.edu.iq

Ph.D., assistant professor. Head Department of Physical Education, Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Ukraine.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5895-3099 sit71@ukr.net

Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern

Denmark, Odense, Denmark. Faculty of Health, Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe

Islands. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1749-8533 magnim@setur.fo

Abstract

Aims: to identify the relationship between the phenomenon of fear and the occurrence of sports

injuries among female futsal players. Method: we applied the survey method with a descriptive

approach. The population sample consisted of 82 female players representing seven clubs in the

club league in the Kurdistan region-Iraq. The study sample was players n= 48 chosen from four

random clubs. It constitutes a 58.5% population time-domain rate for the period from 5/1/2021 to

1/2/2021 for the data collection. The homogeneity component of the sample members was

considered, as they are all women aged 19-24 years, had a futsal training history of 3-6 years, and

a Body Mass Index from 19-23. Results: researchers recorded that 23 players got injured in 12

marches games, corresponding to 1.9 injuries per game. Moreover, nearly half (48%) of the players

experienced injuries during the period, the mean fear score was 5.64 value of computed is 0.98,

which is very large and more significant than the tabular (r) value at the degree of freedom 46 and

the level of significance 0.05, which is 0.288. There was a correlation between fear and sports

injuries among women in the Kurdistan futsal top league. Conclusion: we reached a significant

correlation between fear and sports injuries among females in the Kurdistan futsal team. Elite

female players are subjected to a significant risk of injury, particularly repeat injuries.

Keywords: futsal, female athletes, sports injuries, fearing.

Viref Revista de Educación Física

Instituto Universitario de Educación Física y Deporte

ISSN 2322-9411 • Enero-Marzo 2022 • Volumen 11 Número 1

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Introduction

Sports injuries are one of the main obstacles facing athletes and coaches during preparation for

competition. The negative effects of injuries also inhibit the athletes from fielding training, limiting

progression. Moreover, injury-inducted impairment of functional competencies necessary for

participation in-field training and exposure to the fear factor of repetition of the injury further

affects skill performance and willingness development (Junge & Dvorak, 2010).

Fear, which represents a double-edged sword, is either achievement or defeat. Most of it is needed

if we know that many team games lack linking educational and psychological sciences with the

requirements to practice; one game is futsal. Hence the importance of research with positive

linkage and the lack of fear of sports injuries and their psychological impact (Miller et al., 2000).

Futsal players are exposed to a variety of psychological factors, whether during training or

competition, including fear, anxiety, and disturbances, all of which have an effect on their technical

performance, whether negatively or positively, in the general form and on players with a particular

form, and that practice shapes the player's psychological characteristics, which can be influenced

by fear, anxiety, and a variety of other psychological factors from here (Lago et al., 2020).

The player must swipe for these waiting periods to feel the continuation of the competition. The

player's psychological and mental readiness, as the player with high excitement, has different

injuries from the player who has control of his emotions. The aggressive player - severe - may

expose himself to injury more than the non-aggressive player (Lago et al., 2020). Many kinds of

research focus on wrong training physical, physiological, and psychological factors that affect the

injuries. Nonetheless, less research on specific concerns in dread associated with injuries is critical

for the study (Nemčić et al., 2016; Tinto et al., 2015).

The problem of the study in Futsal players is exposed to many psychological factors, whether

during training or competition, fear, anxiety, and disturbances that consequently affect the

technical performance of the players negatively or positively in general and the injured players in

particular, and the practice determines the psychological characteristics of the player, which can

be affected by fear, anxiety and some other psychological factors (Decker, 2020). Therefore, the

researcher believes fear and interest in studying this problem are essential in determining

achievement by studying the female players of clubs of excellent example for futsal (Mottaghi et

al., 2013).

The researcher believes identifying the effect of the phenomenon of fear and interest in studying

it is one of the most important problems due to its importance in determining achievement by

conducting the study on clubs excellent achievements for the excellent achievements of futsal

game (Gioldasis, 2016). The study aims to identify the relationship between the phenomenon of

fear and the occurrence of sports injuries among players of the excellent degree in futsal.

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Method

Participants: the population consisted of 82 female players representing seven clubs in the

Kurdistan supper deviation clubs league in Kurdistan region-Iraq. The study sample is 48 players

were chosen in 4 random clubs, it constitutes a rate of 58.5% population Time-domain for the

period from 5/1/2020 to 1/2/2020 for the data collection. The researchers are considering the

homogeneity component of the sample members, as they are all female players, age 21.62±2.18,

the training time of 3 to 6 years, and Body Mass Index of 19±2.

Experimental design procedures: the researchers used the survey method with a descriptive

approach to suit the research. During the survey, there is some question about the players who

had an injury last three years and about the situation of fearing to the relationship between fear

and injuries. The survey was given to players and the researcher has used the Fear assessments

tool from the survey to measure the fear level of women players. The survey was used before by

researchers and scientific books (Rateb, 2007).

The scale of the Fear assessment questioner

Terms

Scarcely

Some time

Agree

I am interested in the competition

I feel nervous during the competition

I feel calm

I doubt my ability

I fear reinjury

Feel comfortable

I am afraid I won't be able to do well to perform

I felt that my body is tense

I feel confident in myself

I am afraid of losing (defeat)

I feel cramping in my stomach

I feel secure

I am afraid of poor performance under the pressure of competition

I feel like my body is relaxing

I can face a challenge

I am afraid of poor-performing

My heart is beating fast

I am confident of my good performance

I care about achieving my goals

I fear that others will not be satisfied with my performance

I am afraid of losing my ability to focus

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The scale has been used by Osama Kamel Rateb (Rateb, 2007). After consulting references to

specialist water in Riyadh's educational institutions, the researcher followed the scale's definition

without stating the dimensions and measurements of 21 words and included the measure on the

balance of the trio's assessment: Scarcely, Some time and Agree. As a result, the following grades

have been assigned (1,2,3).

Reconnaissance experiment: the researcher conducted the survey experiment on a sample of the

ten players of the women Erbil that in 20-1-2020 and after the completion of the answers checked

by the researcher to make sure the followers of the 20-24-year-old and make sure the paragraphs

of the scale all answered, and two weeks later i.e. the date 30/1/2020 the researchers re-applied

the reconnaissance. The same research sample showed through the results that the paragraphs

were clear and clear and did not need to be adjusted and that the average time taken to answer

the scale 21 minutes is approximate.

Believe the scale

1. The validity of the content means the extent of representation and the association of the terms

of the scale with the aspect that you measure. This was done by relying on scientific references to

achieve the logical, constructive honesty of the content phrases of the scale.

2. The arbitrators believed: the scale was presented to a group of specialists in sports psychology,

and their number was 5 specialists, and all agreed on the phrases and the measure measures

tolerance among athletes

3. The excellence of honesty was applied to 48 female futsal players from different clubs in

Kurdistan super division. After collecting forms and correcting them, the grades were entered, and

the researcher arranged the data in An upward order from the lowest to the highest degree. Then

the adoption of a percentage 27% of the forms with the lowest grades and named the lower group

and 27% of the forms with the highest degrees and named the upper group and after analyzing

the results And extracting the discriminatory power of paragraphs to accept acceptable sections

and keeping out the weak paragraphs and all the paragraphs were accepted as described.

Statistical analysis

All values were presented as

Mean, Standard deviation, Percentage and Pearson Correlation

Coefficient. In addition, s

tatistical analyses of within-group data for the measuring fearing level

and related to (r). sports injuries were achieved through the use of

a correlation has been used

between fear and sports injuries

among female futsal players

. All statistical analyses were

performed using the 22.0 version of SPSS.

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Results

The result of table 1 showed that the number of sampling which are 48 players and 23 players got

injuries from 12 marches, which is a significant number if we compare between the sample and

every single game 1.9 injuries occurs, near to half of the players experienced injuries, and the

results show that the ratio of the number of injured to the number of 12 matches was 47.9%.

Table 1. Percentage of injuries for the number of players and the number of matches.

Number of players

Injuries

Matches

% injuries on players

Injuries on matches

47.9

1.9

Table 2 shows the results of the mean and the standard deviation of the variables studied for the

study, that the value of the arithmetic mean is fear 36.25, and a standard deviation of 2.98, while

in sports injuries in the value of the arithmetic mean is 4.75, and a standard deviation of 0.95.

Table 2. Mean and standard deviation in fear and injuries.

Variables

Mean

Standard Deviation

Fear

36.25

2.98

Injuries

4.75

0.95

In table 3, it is observed that the probability value of the fear-link factor for the study sample was

obtained Pearson Correlation Coefficient-(r) and probability significance is 0.032.

Table 3. Values of the correlation factor between fear and injuries.

Fear

Variable

Correlation Coefficient- (r)

Probability

Significance

Sports Injuries

0..62

0.032 *

Significant *

A probability value of the fear-link factor for the study sample was obtained (0.62). This is a smaller

value than the level of significance (0.05). This is evidence of the moral correlation between them.

Discussion

The discussion aims to connect with some other studies related to our article. For example, maybe

some study is in methodology, variables, fields, or, aim be related to our research so that we have

been connected and explained to our discussion.

However, according to separate research, the total injury rate was 90 injuries, meaning that 54 of

89 players (60.6%) were injured, there are five injuries for every 1000 hours of futsal play. The

most common kind of injury was mild: 1.7 injuries per 1000 h of futsal play exposure (Lago et al.,

2020). Incidents were calculated at one incident per 1000 hours of exposure, A total of 23 injuries

were recorded throughout the three seasons while accounting for 480 minutes. There were 6.7,

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6.4, and 6.8 injuries per 1000 hours of exposure, respectively Of the 93% of injuries that did not

involve a collision, the lower extremities were the most commonly affected area (Ruiz et al., 2019).

Interestingly, only three concussions were identified out of a total of seven head injuries.

Concussions occurred at a lower rate (3.2 per 1000 player hours) than in previous Futsal World

Cups from 2000 to 2008 (8.3 per 1000 player hours). All concussions in this research were caused

by contact trauma. Notably, concussions were detected only among female futsal players (Hamid

et al., 2014).

Additionally, only negative state anxiety was linked with global anxiety in healthy players. In

contrast, all types of fear were associated with international dimensions in injured players (Zurita

et al., 2018). Researchers discussed two models of injured football players: resilience was closely

linked with the anxiety questionnaire scores. Indicates that wounded athletes feel worried and

concerned about incurring an injury (Fernández et al., 2014; Liberal et al., 2014). This shows that

this is a strong possibility. There is also some evidence that when a player is motivated to

participate but is stopped by injury, emotions of worry may extend the length of the injury

(Cezarino et al., 2020). Thus, in the first stages of the competition season, state anxiety levels may

have been lower than anticipated, indicating the link strength found for resilience (Liberal et al.,

2014; Olmedilla et al., 2011) could be different. Stability and anxiety in athletics were positively

correlated, exhibiting more significant correlations among non-injured athletes, the loadings of the

indicators relating to global resilience (p < 0.001), ARM (r = 0.87) and OASE (r = 0.84) were

significant. In addition, there was a positive correlation between resilience and Stai-Trait (r = 0.61),

which was significant at the level of p < 0.001. Because it has not been reduced by the frustration

of wounded athletes, who cannot participate, their potential for resilience may be more significant

(Morgan et al., 2015; Sarkar & Fletcher, 2014). The athlete's resistance to action-oriented

behaviour also had no significant relationships with non-injured athletes, confirming that prior

hypothesis. In the same way, global levels of anxiety in wounded athletes were shown to be heavily

influenced by their psychological states and environmental variables (Zurita et al., 2014).

Resilience, a psychological trait that may help adjust to difficult times, like sustaining an accident,

is also crucial to consider. The study of Connor and Davidson (2003) asserts that increasing

resilience leads to higher anxiety levels and faster recovery. Stability is also very desired in sports

considering the players' stressful and challenging environments (Fletcher & Sarkar, 2012; Galli &

Gonzalez, 2015). Locus of control may serve as a great indication of resilience in wounded athletes.

It shows their capacity to overcome the injuries and sustain long-term progressions. To conclude,

Olmedilla et al. (2011) showed that stress levels for sportspeople influence all aspects of their

activities, including their athletic performance. A person who has no injuries may avoid this inner

struggle that reduces their ability to recover. Additionally, Galli and Gonzalez (2015) suggested that

the perceived accomplishment in sports practice is not affected by anxiety caused by the injury

(Olmedilla et al., 2011). Based on the effect on both the sportsperson and the sport, it would be

reasonable and prudent to implement personal injury prevention strategies for each (Zurita et al.,

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2014). Psychological treatments have been used to help individuals overcome their injuries and

avoid future ones (Hsu et al., 2017).

Additionally, a program should be implemented to improve recovery capacity to minimize stress

during injury. Locus of control and commitment, optimism, and the ability to adjust to difficult

circumstances should be emphasized. This can decrease the recuperation time, as well as increase

motivation during difficult situations (Drew & Matthews, 2019; González et al., 2017)

Finally, it is important to highlight some of the limitations of the present study, which could

influence the interpretation of the findings. Firstly, the sample size was relatively small. So, a

greater number of sportspersons need to be recruited to confirm these preliminary findings. The

research should also be extended to various sports, including classification sports, to enable

meaningful comparison of results. Another limitation is the timing of measurements taken during

a low-performance burden period. It would be interesting to take measures at various times of the

season to observe fluctuations of state anxiety and its relationship with resilience. Finally, the

present study included only females. It would be interesting to conduct subsequent studies on

males to enable further exciting comparisons.

Conclusion

In summary, we reached a significant correlation between fear and sports injuries among females

in the Kurdistan futsal supper deviation during the results. Those players have been injury fearing

level has been high, and many reasons behind that like reputation injuries and the way to recovery

are not easy; elite female futsal players are subjected to a significant risk of injury, particularly

some injuries which repeated, which may be moderate in severity and occurs towards the

conclusion of sessions, as well as during matches. These findings emphasize the need for novel

injury prevention measures to help decrease the high risk of injury among female futsal players.

Perspectives

Future research may focus on developing self-confidence and avoiding fear and anxiety among

female players by specialists and coaches for injured players and others. Furthermore, similar

research deals with other psychological phenomena and features in the futsal game.

Acknowledgement

The researchers are grateful for the Kind support & guidance in every step of this study. The

researchers hereby thank all the players who actively participated in this study. The

researchers are thankful to the coaches for rendering their valuable cooperation and support

as and when required during this research. Lastly, I want to thank all the futsal players and

Sports Clubs staff members for their collaboration & support.

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