Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-9866
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413 1
Adilson Luiz PintoAdilson Luiz Pinto
Doctor en Documentación, Universidad
Carlos III de Madrid, España. Profesor de la
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
adilson.pinto@ufsc.br
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-2061
Fábio Lorensi do CantoFábio Lorensi do Canto
Doctor en Ciencia de la Información,
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,
Brasil. Profesor
de la UDESC y bibliotecário de la UFSC.
fabio.lc@ufsc.br
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-1931
Washington Luis R. de Carvalho SegundoWashington Luis R. de Carvalho Segundo
Doctor en Informática, Universidade de
Brasília, Brasil. Coordenador General de
Información
Científica y Técnica del Instituto Brasileiro de
Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia.
washingtonsegundo@ibict.br
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-9384
Carlos Luis González-ValienteCarlos Luis González-Valiente
Maestro en Gestión de Información,
Universidad de Habana, Cuba. Jefe de
Publicaciones en
European Alliance for Innovation, Eslovaquia.
carlos.valiente89@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-5257
Alexandre Ribas SemelerAlexandre Ribas Semeler
Doctor en Ciencia de la Información,
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil.
Bibliotecario de la UFRGS.
alexandre.semeler@ufrgs.br
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8036-4271
José Antonio Moreiro GonzálezJosé Antonio Moreiro González
Doctor en História, Universidad Nacional de
Educación a Distancia, España. Profesor de la
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
jamore@bib.uc3m.es
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8827-158X
How to cite this article: Pinto, Adilson Luiz; Canto, Fábio Lorensi do; Segundo,
Washington Luís R. de Carvalho; González-Valiente, Carlos Luis; Semeler,
Alexandre Ribas; Moreiro-González, José Antonio (2024). Academic Endogamy
in Library and Information Science Journals. Revista Interamericana de Bibliotecología,
47(2), e355413. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Recibido: 2023-06-11/ Aceptado: 2023-18-04
Abstract
This study examines the editorial endogeny of Library and Information Science jour-
nals. The endogeny was determined by the analysis of (1) papers published by the
journal’s editors, (2) papers published by the journal’s country of origin, and (3) jour-
nal self-citation. The study used five-year coverage based on journals listed in the
Web of Science. Regarding the editorial endogeny, the cut-off line of 50% of publi-
cations was at 4.51%. However, some journals have concentrated this endogeny from
20% to 45%. The endogenous model developed with the three analyses generated a
journal efficiency system that showed a moderate index by the quartile of the jour-
nals, with an average of four endogenous papers per journal. 50% of the publications
obtained an average of 10.70% self-citations. But part of the 50% most endogenous
journals obtained indices ranging from 11% to 75.99%, with ten journals over 30%.
50% of papers are from the journal’s country of origin. We conclude that the levels
of endogeny were balanced on average, but some journals abused it to improve their
ranking and impact.
Keywords: Editorial endogeny; journal self-citations; country self-citations; library and
information science journals.
Academic Endogamy in Library and Information
Science Journals*
© 2024 Universidad de Antioquia. Published by Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia.
* This article is derived from the research E(co)-science, with resources from the CNPq,
Brazil.
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413 1
Adilson Luiz PintoAdilson Luiz Pinto
Doctor en Documentación, Universidad
Carlos III de Madrid, España. Profesor de la
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
adilson.pinto@ufsc.br
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-2061
Fábio Lorensi do CantoFábio Lorensi do Canto
Doctor en Ciencia de la Información,
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,
Brasil. Profesor
de la UDESC y bibliotecário de la UFSC.
fabio.lc@ufsc.br
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-1931
Washington Luis R. de Carvalho SegundoWashington Luis R. de Carvalho Segundo
Doctor en Informática, Universidade de
Brasília, Brasil. Coordenador General de
Información
Científica y Técnica del Instituto Brasileiro de
Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia.
washingtonsegundo@ibict.br
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-9384
Carlos Luis González-ValienteCarlos Luis González-Valiente
Maestro en Gestión de Información,
Universidad de Habana, Cuba. Jefe de
Publicaciones en
European Alliance for Innovation, Eslovaquia.
carlos.valiente89@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-5257
Alexandre Ribas SemelerAlexandre Ribas Semeler
Doctor en Ciencia de la Información,
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil.
Bibliotecario de la UFRGS.
alexandre.semeler@ufrgs.br
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8036-4271
José Antonio Moreiro GonzálezJosé Antonio Moreiro González
Doctor en História, Universidad Nacional de
Educación a Distancia, España. Profesor de la
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
jamore@bib.uc3m.es
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8827-158X
How to cite this article: Pinto, Adilson Luiz; Canto, Fábio Lorensi do; Segundo,
Washington Luís R. de Carvalho; González-Valiente, Carlos Luis; Semeler,
Alexandre Ribas; Moreiro-González, José Antonio (2024). Academic Endogamy
in Library and Information Science Journals. Revista Interamericana de Bibliotecología,
47(2), e355413. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Recibido: 2023-06-11/ Aceptado: 2023-18-04
Abstract
This study examines the editorial endogeny of Library and Information Science jour-
nals. The endogeny was determined by the analysis of (1) papers published by the
journal’s editors, (2) papers published by the journal’s country of origin, and (3) jour-
nal self-citation. The study used five-year coverage based on journals listed in the
Web of Science. Regarding the editorial endogeny, the cut-off line of 50% of publi-
cations was at 4.51%. However, some journals have concentrated this endogeny from
20% to 45%. The endogenous model developed with the three analyses generated a
journal efficiency system that showed a moderate index by the quartile of the jour-
nals, with an average of four endogenous papers per journal. 50% of the publications
obtained an average of 10.70% self-citations. But part of the 50% most endogenous
journals obtained indices ranging from 11% to 75.99%, with ten journals over 30%.
50% of papers are from the journal’s country of origin. We conclude that the levels
of endogeny were balanced on average, but some journals abused it to improve their
ranking and impact.
Keywords: Editorial endogeny; journal self-citations; country self-citations; library and
information science journals.
Academic Endogamy in Library and Information
Science Journals*
© 2024 Universidad de Antioquia. Published by Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia.
* This article is derived from the research E(co)-science, with resources from the CNPq,
Brazil.
2[Adilson Pinto, Fábio Lorensi do Canto, Washington Luis R. de Carvalho Segundo, Carlos Luis González-Valiente, Alexandre Ribas Semeler, José Antonio Moreiro Gon Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-9866
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Endogamia académica en revistas
de biblioteconomía y ciencias de
la información
Resumen
Este estudio examina la endogamia editorial de las revistas
de bibliotecología y ciencias de la información. La endogamia
se determinó mediante el análisis de 1) artículos publicados
por los editores de la revista, 2) artículos publicados por el
país de origen de la revista y 3) autocitas de la revista. El es-
tudio utilizó una cobertura de cinco años basada en revistas
indizadas en Web of Science. En relación con la endogamia
editorial, el corte del 50 % de las publicaciones quedó en
4,51 %. Sin embargo, algunas revistas han concentrado esta
endogamia del 20 al 45 %. El modelo endogámico desarro-
llado con los tres análisis generó un sistema de eficiencia de
revistas que mostró un índice moderado por cuartil de las re-
vistas, con un promedio de cuatro artículos endogénicos por
revista. El 50 % de las publicaciones obtuvieron una media
de 10,70 % de autocitas, aunque parte del 50 % de las revis-
tas más endógenas obtuvo índices que oscilan entre el 11 y el
75,99 %, con diez revistas por encima del 30 %. El 50 % de los
artículos son del país de origen de la revista. Se concluye que
los niveles de endogamia estaban equilibrados en promedio,
pero algunas revistas abusaron de él para mejorar su clasifi-
cación e impacto.
Palabras clave: endogamia editorial; autocitas de revistas;
autocitas de países; revistas de biblioteconomía y ciencias de
la información.
1. Introduction
Endogeny describes phenomena and their relation-
ships in cases where they are produced internally or
intrinsically, i.e., within the analyzed systems. It is a
concept defined in different areas of knowledge. In bio-
logical sciences, it refers to the substances or processes
built within cells, organisms, or tissues (Inoue, 1935) of
plants or animals (Sivak & Yudkevich, 2012). In eco-
nomic science, it is configured in economic models with
variables determined internally (Wooldridge, 2009). In
psychology, endogeny describes internal causes of be-
haviors or psychological conditions of individuals, in
contrast to external or environmental reasons.
In scientific communication, endogeny describes a situ-
ation internally within an academic or scientific system
or process. These are practices carried out unnoticedly
by the academic community (Gorelova & Yudkevich,
2015; Repiso et al., 2021). Academic endogeny may oc-
cur at the individual, departmental, or institutional
level. At the individual level, it occurs when someone
produces something within the same system they man-
age (Soler, 2001). At the departmental level, it occurs
when an individual presents something in a means of
communication linked to the department they are part
of (Altbach et al., 2015). At the institutional level, an
individual performs something within the institution's
vehicle where they develop their activities (Eells &
Cleveland, 1935). Academic endogeny may be amplified
in representations within the same country of origin of
the studies and areas of training, such as the same city,
state, or country.
The representations of these levels may be further ex-
trapolated, as in the case of endogeny between advisor
and advisee (Sugimoto, 2014). What may be seen as a
simple collaboration between scientific partners tends
to reinforce some situations in the advisee's publica-
tions with the advisor's presence (Gandra & Rocha,
2019). In some countries, this is required by funding
agencies to ensure the continuity of research grants, as
is the case in Brazil (Costa & Pinto, 2016). However, it
may occur in graduate programs to maintain scholar-
ships at the master's, doctoral, and postdoctoral levels
(Yudkevich et al., 2015).
Another form of endogeny may occur in an educa-
tional institution until the holding of a position in the
teaching staff (we recall that they are tenders) after
doctoral training (Pelegrini & França, 2020). This is
not a problem, but it is a reality of academia. In some
cases, it may even raise suspicions about the honesty of
the tenders and the process. In this context, endogeny
by scientific regionality should be included, as collabo-
ration or publication systems are always limited to the
same geographical region. If, on the one hand, this may
strengthen relations and consolidate the scientific pro-
duction of institutions and regions – cities, states, and
countries (Cervantes-Rosas & Martínez-Huerta, 2015)
– on the other hand, it may represent a dependency or
limitation (Di Carlo, 2016).
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Endogamia académica en revistas
de biblioteconomía y ciencias de
la información
Resumen
Este estudio examina la endogamia editorial de las revistas
de bibliotecología y ciencias de la información. La endogamia
se determinó mediante el análisis de 1) artículos publicados
por los editores de la revista, 2) artículos publicados por el
país de origen de la revista y 3) autocitas de la revista. El es-
tudio utilizó una cobertura de cinco años basada en revistas
indizadas en Web of Science. En relación con la endogamia
editorial, el corte del 50 % de las publicaciones quedó en
4,51 %. Sin embargo, algunas revistas han concentrado esta
endogamia del 20 al 45 %. El modelo endogámico desarro-
llado con los tres análisis generó un sistema de eficiencia de
revistas que mostró un índice moderado por cuartil de las re-
vistas, con un promedio de cuatro artículos endogénicos por
revista. El 50 % de las publicaciones obtuvieron una media
de 10,70 % de autocitas, aunque parte del 50 % de las revis-
tas más endógenas obtuvo índices que oscilan entre el 11 y el
75,99 %, con diez revistas por encima del 30 %. El 50 % de los
artículos son del país de origen de la revista. Se concluye que
los niveles de endogamia estaban equilibrados en promedio,
pero algunas revistas abusaron de él para mejorar su clasifi-
cación e impacto.
Palabras clave: endogamia editorial; autocitas de revistas;
autocitas de países; revistas de biblioteconomía y ciencias de
la información.
1. Introduction
Endogeny describes phenomena and their relation-
ships in cases where they are produced internally or
intrinsically, i.e., within the analyzed systems. It is a
concept defined in different areas of knowledge. In bio-
logical sciences, it refers to the substances or processes
built within cells, organisms, or tissues (Inoue, 1935) of
plants or animals (Sivak & Yudkevich, 2012). In eco-
nomic science, it is configured in economic models with
variables determined internally (Wooldridge, 2009). In
psychology, endogeny describes internal causes of be-
haviors or psychological conditions of individuals, in
contrast to external or environmental reasons.
In scientific communication, endogeny describes a situ-
ation internally within an academic or scientific system
or process. These are practices carried out unnoticedly
by the academic community (Gorelova & Yudkevich,
2015; Repiso et al., 2021). Academic endogeny may oc-
cur at the individual, departmental, or institutional
level. At the individual level, it occurs when someone
produces something within the same system they man-
age (Soler, 2001). At the departmental level, it occurs
when an individual presents something in a means of
communication linked to the department they are part
of (Altbach et al., 2015). At the institutional level, an
individual performs something within the institution's
vehicle where they develop their activities (Eells &
Cleveland, 1935). Academic endogeny may be amplified
in representations within the same country of origin of
the studies and areas of training, such as the same city,
state, or country.
The representations of these levels may be further ex-
trapolated, as in the case of endogeny between advisor
and advisee (Sugimoto, 2014). What may be seen as a
simple collaboration between scientific partners tends
to reinforce some situations in the advisee's publica-
tions with the advisor's presence (Gandra & Rocha,
2019). In some countries, this is required by funding
agencies to ensure the continuity of research grants, as
is the case in Brazil (Costa & Pinto, 2016). However, it
may occur in graduate programs to maintain scholar-
ships at the master's, doctoral, and postdoctoral levels
(Yudkevich et al., 2015).
Another form of endogeny may occur in an educa-
tional institution until the holding of a position in the
teaching staff (we recall that they are tenders) after
doctoral training (Pelegrini & França, 2020). This is
not a problem, but it is a reality of academia. In some
cases, it may even raise suspicions about the honesty of
the tenders and the process. In this context, endogeny
by scientific regionality should be included, as collabo-
ration or publication systems are always limited to the
same geographical region. If, on the one hand, this may
strengthen relations and consolidate the scientific pro-
duction of institutions and regions – cities, states, and
countries (Cervantes-Rosas & Martínez-Huerta, 2015)
– on the other hand, it may represent a dependency or
limitation (Di Carlo, 2016).
3[Academic Endogamy in Library and Information Science Journals]
Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-98666
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
The possibilities of academic endogeny also include
those related to citations, especially self-citations
(Fischer et al., 2020) or citations received by research-
ers with some connection, such as students, advisees,
co-authors, and researchers linked to the same institu-
tion (Jacinto, 2021). Endogeny is not entirely forbidden
or condemnable in academia. However, the excessive
occurrence of situations with final results drastically
altered due to endogenous relationships between en-
tities and people should be avoided, such as in cases of
high rates of self-citations of an author or journal.
From the Library and Information Science (LIS) field,
there is a strong interest in styding many aspects of
scholarly publishing. For that reason, we place inter-
est in studying the journals from this field. This article
aims to analyze the endogenous behavior of LIS jour-
nals from three perspectives:
• papers published by the journal’s editors,
• papers published by the journal’s country of origin,
and
• journal self-citation.
In summary, endogeny occurs inside a system and can oc-
cur at different levels, including individual, departmental,
or institutional.
2. Literature Review
2.1 Editorial Board Inbreeding
Arteaga-Livias et al. (2022) state that the consol-
idation of the publication of research papers by the
journal editor or editorial board members may suggest
flaws in the editorial process. Their study dwelled on
16 Latin American journals in public health published
from 2016 to 2019. They identified that 10.2% of the
papers stemmed from this type of endogeny, together
with a shorter peer review process. Arteaga-Livias et
al. (2021) also examined 26 Peruvian journals to iden-
tify editorial endogeny for the period 2016-2019. They
identified that 520 published papers (18.02%) out of
2,885 were authored by editors-in-chief and/or guest
editors.
In turn, Youk and Park (2019) analyzed the editorial
endogeny of 17 journals affiliated with the National
Communication Association (NCA) and the Inter-
national Communication Association (ICA). They
evidenced that “in terms of the citation count, the
impact factors of the journals were positively relat-
ed to the citation count of endogenous publications.
However, the average number of citations for endog-
enous publications was significantly lower than for
journals” (p. 1251). Under this bias, a high editorial
board endogeny is identified by American journals
whose editors are not affiliated in that country These
authors also noticed that around 45.38% of the Edi-
tors-in-Chief and Guest Editors published a paper in
their journals.
Likewise, Zdeněk and Lososová (2018) examined ten
Agricultural Economics and Policy journals listed in
the Journal Citation Report. They found that 7.7%
of the editorial board members had some editorial
endogeny, a low percentage in this case. Even if the
editorial board members collectively contribute to
the publication process of their journals (Zsindely
et al., 1982), they should not publish their studies, as
this even puts into evidence the journals’ peer review
system, which influences the journals’ editorial man-
agement and relevance (Pagel & Hudetz, 2011).
2.2 Journal Self-Citations
Gazni and Didegah (2021) analyzed 24 thousand jour-
nals from 1975 to 2017 to identify journal self-citation
patterns. They evidenced that, from 2004, there was
an intensification of self-citation. Curiously, the au-
thors claimed that self-citations did not influence the
impact factor, as there was no a direct effect. Howev-
er, we believe that there is a direct relationship.
In turn, González-Sala et al. (2019), when study-
ing the journal self-citations of and authors in Latin
American journals on psychology from 2012 to 2016,
detected a direct effect of the first self-citations on the
accumulation of journal citations. Thus, they linked a
direct influence of the journals’ quartile in the Journal
Citation Report (JCR) ranking. Lastly, it was found
that the main publications with self-citations ranged
from 88.8% to 55.8% and were directly related to the
visibility of the journals studied.
Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-98666
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
The possibilities of academic endogeny also include
those related to citations, especially self-citations
(Fischer et al., 2020) or citations received by research-
ers with some connection, such as students, advisees,
co-authors, and researchers linked to the same institu-
tion (Jacinto, 2021). Endogeny is not entirely forbidden
or condemnable in academia. However, the excessive
occurrence of situations with final results drastically
altered due to endogenous relationships between en-
tities and people should be avoided, such as in cases of
high rates of self-citations of an author or journal.
From the Library and Information Science (LIS) field,
there is a strong interest in styding many aspects of
scholarly publishing. For that reason, we place inter-
est in studying the journals from this field. This article
aims to analyze the endogenous behavior of LIS jour-
nals from three perspectives:
• papers published by the journal’s editors,
• papers published by the journal’s country of origin,
and
• journal self-citation.
In summary, endogeny occurs inside a system and can oc-
cur at different levels, including individual, departmental,
or institutional.
2. Literature Review
2.1 Editorial Board Inbreeding
Arteaga-Livias et al. (2022) state that the consol-
idation of the publication of research papers by the
journal editor or editorial board members may suggest
flaws in the editorial process. Their study dwelled on
16 Latin American journals in public health published
from 2016 to 2019. They identified that 10.2% of the
papers stemmed from this type of endogeny, together
with a shorter peer review process. Arteaga-Livias et
al. (2021) also examined 26 Peruvian journals to iden-
tify editorial endogeny for the period 2016-2019. They
identified that 520 published papers (18.02%) out of
2,885 were authored by editors-in-chief and/or guest
editors.
In turn, Youk and Park (2019) analyzed the editorial
endogeny of 17 journals affiliated with the National
Communication Association (NCA) and the Inter-
national Communication Association (ICA). They
evidenced that “in terms of the citation count, the
impact factors of the journals were positively relat-
ed to the citation count of endogenous publications.
However, the average number of citations for endog-
enous publications was significantly lower than for
journals” (p. 1251). Under this bias, a high editorial
board endogeny is identified by American journals
whose editors are not affiliated in that country These
authors also noticed that around 45.38% of the Edi-
tors-in-Chief and Guest Editors published a paper in
their journals.
Likewise, Zdeněk and Lososová (2018) examined ten
Agricultural Economics and Policy journals listed in
the Journal Citation Report. They found that 7.7%
of the editorial board members had some editorial
endogeny, a low percentage in this case. Even if the
editorial board members collectively contribute to
the publication process of their journals (Zsindely
et al., 1982), they should not publish their studies, as
this even puts into evidence the journals’ peer review
system, which influences the journals’ editorial man-
agement and relevance (Pagel & Hudetz, 2011).
2.2 Journal Self-Citations
Gazni and Didegah (2021) analyzed 24 thousand jour-
nals from 1975 to 2017 to identify journal self-citation
patterns. They evidenced that, from 2004, there was
an intensification of self-citation. Curiously, the au-
thors claimed that self-citations did not influence the
impact factor, as there was no a direct effect. Howev-
er, we believe that there is a direct relationship.
In turn, González-Sala et al. (2019), when study-
ing the journal self-citations of and authors in Latin
American journals on psychology from 2012 to 2016,
detected a direct effect of the first self-citations on the
accumulation of journal citations. Thus, they linked a
direct influence of the journals’ quartile in the Journal
Citation Report (JCR) ranking. Lastly, it was found
that the main publications with self-citations ranged
from 88.8% to 55.8% and were directly related to the
visibility of the journals studied.
4[Adilson Pinto, Fábio Lorensi do Canto, Washington Luis R. de Carvalho Segundo, Carlos Luis González-Valiente, Alexandre Ribas Semeler, José Antonio Moreiro Gon Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-9866
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
In this context, it is considered that self-citation is a tool
that may be used in studies on the excessive use of cita-
tions of the same journal and its application in unrelated
areas that lead to distortion of data and studies on ci-
tations. Thus, it is considered that there is a reasonable
amount for this scientific artifice.
2.3 Country Self-Citations
Self-citation is one of the most straightforward strat-
egies to increase their citation-related performance
indicators artificially. It has also been applied to raise the
performance of countries in academic rankings. Baccini
and Petrovich (2023) identified the degree of endogeny
in country citations. The authors studied the time series
of self-citations of countries in Scopus from 1996 to 2019
using extensive (or broad) and restrictive (or restricted)
self-citations model. The model was generated employ-
ing a distance measure using a multidimensional scale.
The study showed that some countries had abnormal
indices compared to others, with high self-citation rates.
The countries that stood out were Colombia, Egypt,
Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Malaysia, Pakistan, Romania, Rus-
sian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, and Ukraine.
Bardeesi et al. (2021a) conducted a study in clinical neu-
rology representing the top 50 countries on the subject
and using the SCImago Journal & Country Rank as
sample selection. The authors identified the evolution
of each country in the scenario of citations and self-ci-
tations for the period 1996 to 2019. It was found that
self-citation moderately influences the performance of
the 50 leading producing countries. In another similar
study, Bardeesi et al. (2021b) analyzed the performance
of a Saudi Arabia in medical specialties (46 in total)
during the same. It was evidenced that the country had
a drop in the ranking of citations with the exclusion of
self-citations within a range of specialties from 4.6% to
23.1%. Meanwhile, Minasny et al. (2010) examined the
Soil Science journals, finding that the Republic of China
presented high self-citation rates. Other countries such
as Egypt, Algeria, Ukraine, and Indonesia had low rates.
2.4 Possible Hypotheses and Research Objectives
This study aims to investigate and understand the
phenomenon of editorial endogeny in Library and Infor-
mation Science journals, focusing on four main aspects:
the influence of self-citation rates on the Impact Factor
metric, the prevalence of publication of national content
in independent journals of language, the endogenous
behavior of special editions and the degree of endoge-
nousness of journal editors. Through a comprehensive
analysis, we aim to provide insights into the editorial
dynamics of these journals over five years (2018-2022),
thus contributing to a broader understanding of the aca-
demic landscape in Library and Information Science.
Our hypothesis are the following:
1. Journals with high self-citation rates tend to have an
increase in Impact Factor metric. As this study por-
trays five years, we believe that the five-year Impact
Factor may benefit from journal self-citation. This
hypothesis was based on the statement by Ghane
(2009) for the medical field, and we consider it also
for the Library and Information Science field.
2. Journals tend to publish content from their own
countries regardless of the language in which the
journals were created, even journals indexed on
American (e.g.: Web of Science) and European (e.g.,
Scopus) databases, representing an endogeny by lo-
cality (Arencibia-Jorge y Peralta-González, 2021).
3. The division of this model was based on the quartile
of journals available in the Web of Science database,
which served as a crucial parameter. The comparison
was made between the model using endogeny index
and the quartile of the journals. This relationship by
quartile was deemed essential due to its significant
impact on publication.
To assess editorial endogeny in the LIS journals, we:
(1) ascertain the degree of endogeny in a five-years peri-
od (2018-2022),
(2) identify the benefit of self-citations in endogenous
publications,
(3) identify the degree of endogeny by the country of
origin of a journal to learn if it has a national or in-
ternational focus and
(4) identify the endogeny of the journal editors, wheth-
er regular or special issue editors.
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
In this context, it is considered that self-citation is a tool
that may be used in studies on the excessive use of cita-
tions of the same journal and its application in unrelated
areas that lead to distortion of data and studies on ci-
tations. Thus, it is considered that there is a reasonable
amount for this scientific artifice.
2.3 Country Self-Citations
Self-citation is one of the most straightforward strat-
egies to increase their citation-related performance
indicators artificially. It has also been applied to raise the
performance of countries in academic rankings. Baccini
and Petrovich (2023) identified the degree of endogeny
in country citations. The authors studied the time series
of self-citations of countries in Scopus from 1996 to 2019
using extensive (or broad) and restrictive (or restricted)
self-citations model. The model was generated employ-
ing a distance measure using a multidimensional scale.
The study showed that some countries had abnormal
indices compared to others, with high self-citation rates.
The countries that stood out were Colombia, Egypt,
Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Malaysia, Pakistan, Romania, Rus-
sian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, and Ukraine.
Bardeesi et al. (2021a) conducted a study in clinical neu-
rology representing the top 50 countries on the subject
and using the SCImago Journal & Country Rank as
sample selection. The authors identified the evolution
of each country in the scenario of citations and self-ci-
tations for the period 1996 to 2019. It was found that
self-citation moderately influences the performance of
the 50 leading producing countries. In another similar
study, Bardeesi et al. (2021b) analyzed the performance
of a Saudi Arabia in medical specialties (46 in total)
during the same. It was evidenced that the country had
a drop in the ranking of citations with the exclusion of
self-citations within a range of specialties from 4.6% to
23.1%. Meanwhile, Minasny et al. (2010) examined the
Soil Science journals, finding that the Republic of China
presented high self-citation rates. Other countries such
as Egypt, Algeria, Ukraine, and Indonesia had low rates.
2.4 Possible Hypotheses and Research Objectives
This study aims to investigate and understand the
phenomenon of editorial endogeny in Library and Infor-
mation Science journals, focusing on four main aspects:
the influence of self-citation rates on the Impact Factor
metric, the prevalence of publication of national content
in independent journals of language, the endogenous
behavior of special editions and the degree of endoge-
nousness of journal editors. Through a comprehensive
analysis, we aim to provide insights into the editorial
dynamics of these journals over five years (2018-2022),
thus contributing to a broader understanding of the aca-
demic landscape in Library and Information Science.
Our hypothesis are the following:
1. Journals with high self-citation rates tend to have an
increase in Impact Factor metric. As this study por-
trays five years, we believe that the five-year Impact
Factor may benefit from journal self-citation. This
hypothesis was based on the statement by Ghane
(2009) for the medical field, and we consider it also
for the Library and Information Science field.
2. Journals tend to publish content from their own
countries regardless of the language in which the
journals were created, even journals indexed on
American (e.g.: Web of Science) and European (e.g.,
Scopus) databases, representing an endogeny by lo-
cality (Arencibia-Jorge y Peralta-González, 2021).
3. The division of this model was based on the quartile
of journals available in the Web of Science database,
which served as a crucial parameter. The comparison
was made between the model using endogeny index
and the quartile of the journals. This relationship by
quartile was deemed essential due to its significant
impact on publication.
To assess editorial endogeny in the LIS journals, we:
(1) ascertain the degree of endogeny in a five-years peri-
od (2018-2022),
(2) identify the benefit of self-citations in endogenous
publications,
(3) identify the degree of endogeny by the country of
origin of a journal to learn if it has a national or in-
ternational focus and
(4) identify the endogeny of the journal editors, wheth-
er regular or special issue editors.
5[Academic Endogamy in Library and Information Science Journals]
Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-98666
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
3. Methodology
The methodological aspects are divided into two parts,
with the first focused on obtaining information on the
journals generated and managed by the Library and In-
formation Science field in the Web of Science database
over the past five years (from January 01, 2018, to De-
cember 31, 2022). The ran an advanced search strategy
focused on the LIS journals (“WC=Information Science
& Library Science”). We considered journals with at
least 100 papers in the last five years. That meant an av-
erage of 20 papers per year. We finally obtained 39,506
from 122 journals (See Appendix 1). We excluded con-
ference papers since they were not accurate in showing
the editors. Besides, some events took place in different
countries at the same time.
We reduced the process by refining editorial materi-
al (types of publications). We extracted all the editors
who participated in the editorial process during the
studied period. In parallel, we selected only the original
and review articles for a more detailed analysis (totaliz-
ing 33,851 documents). From this sample, we generated
mathematical relationships, such as the journal self-cita-
tion index (primary degree of endogeny), the endogeny
index by journal’s country of origin (crossover of the
origin of the edition of the journal with the degree of
identification of the authors who published in it, of sec-
ondary level), and the endogeny index by the editors
(crossover of the information between the editors of all
issues in the studied period and the publications by au-
thors in this same period, considered here as the tertiary
level of endogeny and most damaging to the journals).
We developed an index to ascertain the endogeny of the
editor(s) [I(e)], where eX is the number of papers pub-
lished in five years by the editor(s) in the journal they
edited, eY is the number of documents that the journal
published in the same period, and (avg) is the application
given by the total average.
For the endogeny of authors of a country I (h) in which
the publication was edited, Qp is the number of papers
published by the country's researchers in journal X,
and Qg is the number of papers that journal X published
in the analyzed period.
Relative to endogeny by self-citation of the journal, we
have the data on the different journals cited in the jour-
nal in question I(i), equated by (a), the production of
other journals, and (p), the citations of the journal itself
within a given period, in this case, five years.
(a)(p)=I(i)
Finally, we performed a relationship of the three types
of endogeny to generate an efficiency system, in which
we used the importance of every kind of analysis as
follows: (1) 50% relevance for the editor endogeny, (2)
35% for the endogeny of self-citation of a journal itself,
and (3) 15% for the endogeny by country. From this
degree of importance, we arrived at a ranking system
of the Library and Information Science journals. Other
fields may follow the model and even be applied on a
scale of multiple areas working with similar elements.
4. Results
The results are presented in four aspects. The first three
are generated from isolated analyses, while the fourth
level is an alignment of isolated actions, generating an
indicator model.
The first result was an attempt to identify the self-ci-
tations of the publications. Self-citation may enable a
pattern of centrality on some authors and references,
which has implications with endogeny factors, as Cal-
das and Tinoco (2004) stated. Thus, we considered
that there is a limit to such actions, and we wish to dis-
cuss a little about the data obtained (Figure 1).
The values of the action of endogeny by self-citation
show that only one journal obtained an index lower
than 1%, while 17 achieved an index lower than 5%.
Another 39 journals had indices ranging from 5.01% to
10%. Also, 50% of the entire analysis universe obtained
an index lower than 10.70%, with our cut-off line at the
bottom of the previous chart.
In correspondence with the correlation of the self-ci-
tation data, there is a contrast of the impact factor of
the last five years of the journals, for which we iden-
tified that, from the lower universe of the chart (Part
Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-98666
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
3. Methodology
The methodological aspects are divided into two parts,
with the first focused on obtaining information on the
journals generated and managed by the Library and In-
formation Science field in the Web of Science database
over the past five years (from January 01, 2018, to De-
cember 31, 2022). The ran an advanced search strategy
focused on the LIS journals (“WC=Information Science
& Library Science”). We considered journals with at
least 100 papers in the last five years. That meant an av-
erage of 20 papers per year. We finally obtained 39,506
from 122 journals (See Appendix 1). We excluded con-
ference papers since they were not accurate in showing
the editors. Besides, some events took place in different
countries at the same time.
We reduced the process by refining editorial materi-
al (types of publications). We extracted all the editors
who participated in the editorial process during the
studied period. In parallel, we selected only the original
and review articles for a more detailed analysis (totaliz-
ing 33,851 documents). From this sample, we generated
mathematical relationships, such as the journal self-cita-
tion index (primary degree of endogeny), the endogeny
index by journal’s country of origin (crossover of the
origin of the edition of the journal with the degree of
identification of the authors who published in it, of sec-
ondary level), and the endogeny index by the editors
(crossover of the information between the editors of all
issues in the studied period and the publications by au-
thors in this same period, considered here as the tertiary
level of endogeny and most damaging to the journals).
We developed an index to ascertain the endogeny of the
editor(s) [I(e)], where eX is the number of papers pub-
lished in five years by the editor(s) in the journal they
edited, eY is the number of documents that the journal
published in the same period, and (avg) is the application
given by the total average.
For the endogeny of authors of a country I (h) in which
the publication was edited, Qp is the number of papers
published by the country's researchers in journal X,
and Qg is the number of papers that journal X published
in the analyzed period.
Relative to endogeny by self-citation of the journal, we
have the data on the different journals cited in the jour-
nal in question I(i), equated by (a), the production of
other journals, and (p), the citations of the journal itself
within a given period, in this case, five years.
(a)(p)=I(i)
Finally, we performed a relationship of the three types
of endogeny to generate an efficiency system, in which
we used the importance of every kind of analysis as
follows: (1) 50% relevance for the editor endogeny, (2)
35% for the endogeny of self-citation of a journal itself,
and (3) 15% for the endogeny by country. From this
degree of importance, we arrived at a ranking system
of the Library and Information Science journals. Other
fields may follow the model and even be applied on a
scale of multiple areas working with similar elements.
4. Results
The results are presented in four aspects. The first three
are generated from isolated analyses, while the fourth
level is an alignment of isolated actions, generating an
indicator model.
The first result was an attempt to identify the self-ci-
tations of the publications. Self-citation may enable a
pattern of centrality on some authors and references,
which has implications with endogeny factors, as Cal-
das and Tinoco (2004) stated. Thus, we considered
that there is a limit to such actions, and we wish to dis-
cuss a little about the data obtained (Figure 1).
The values of the action of endogeny by self-citation
show that only one journal obtained an index lower
than 1%, while 17 achieved an index lower than 5%.
Another 39 journals had indices ranging from 5.01% to
10%. Also, 50% of the entire analysis universe obtained
an index lower than 10.70%, with our cut-off line at the
bottom of the previous chart.
In correspondence with the correlation of the self-ci-
tation data, there is a contrast of the impact factor of
the last five years of the journals, for which we iden-
tified that, from the lower universe of the chart (Part
6[Adilson Pinto, Fábio Lorensi do Canto, Washington Luis R. de Carvalho Segundo, Carlos Luis González-Valiente, Alexandre Ribas Semeler, José Antonio Moreiro Gon Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-9866
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Figure 1. Self-citations of the studied journals.
Source: Study Data.
A), 18 journals developed impact factors over 4.00, eight
journals reached impact factors ranging from 2 to 3.99,
32 obtained impact factors from 0.06 to 1.99, and three
journals did not bring impact factors in the previous five
years. Thus, it is considered that this process had a di-
rect relationship of self-citations with the development
of the impact factors of these journals.
However, the other 50% (Part B) of the analysis in-
cludes 61 journals with self-citation indices ranging from
10.90% to 75.99%. These journals practiced this process
to raise their impact factors, as Gray (2009) explained.
Of course, the universe of the latter 61 journals is very
dispersed; however, it is worth noting that this practice
(self-citation) becomes concerning in the last 17 jour-
nals, with a scale ranging from 20.96% to values close to
80%. An important detail of these 17 journals is the list of
nationalities: United States of America (n = 5), Germany
(n = 4), Brazil (n = 2), United Kingdom (n = 1), Russia
(n = 1), Turkey (n = 1), Hungary (n = 1), Italy (n = 1), and
Mexico (n = 1).
As a complement, in this universe of 50% of journals
with the highest self-citation rates, the following was
obtained: in nine journals, the impact factor was high-
er than 4.00, whereas seven had five-year impact factors
ranging from 2 to 3.99, and 45 journals achieved indices
from 0.04 to 1.99.
However, we cannot demonstrate that this action is
random for the journals studied, but that some of them
abuse this artifice to improve their scientific impact in-
dices.
Another type of analysis carried out was the endogeny
applied to the countries, which is not necessarily linked
to a journal's language of origin; this relationship offers
a very peculiar connotation since some journals seek to
diversify their scope of idiomatic publications, while
others do not consider this situation.
If, in the first case, only the origin of the authors was
verified relative to the journal, as illustrated in Figure 1,
in this case, identified as endogenous were the journals
linked to their origin and to the authors who publish in
them (Figure 2).
The red line marks 50% of endogeny and shows that
61 journals were below 22.36% (Part A) of publica-
tions by authors with the same origin as the journal.
One may consider that this index is relatively low.
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Figure 1. Self-citations of the studied journals.
Source: Study Data.
A), 18 journals developed impact factors over 4.00, eight
journals reached impact factors ranging from 2 to 3.99,
32 obtained impact factors from 0.06 to 1.99, and three
journals did not bring impact factors in the previous five
years. Thus, it is considered that this process had a di-
rect relationship of self-citations with the development
of the impact factors of these journals.
However, the other 50% (Part B) of the analysis in-
cludes 61 journals with self-citation indices ranging from
10.90% to 75.99%. These journals practiced this process
to raise their impact factors, as Gray (2009) explained.
Of course, the universe of the latter 61 journals is very
dispersed; however, it is worth noting that this practice
(self-citation) becomes concerning in the last 17 jour-
nals, with a scale ranging from 20.96% to values close to
80%. An important detail of these 17 journals is the list of
nationalities: United States of America (n = 5), Germany
(n = 4), Brazil (n = 2), United Kingdom (n = 1), Russia
(n = 1), Turkey (n = 1), Hungary (n = 1), Italy (n = 1), and
Mexico (n = 1).
As a complement, in this universe of 50% of journals
with the highest self-citation rates, the following was
obtained: in nine journals, the impact factor was high-
er than 4.00, whereas seven had five-year impact factors
ranging from 2 to 3.99, and 45 journals achieved indices
from 0.04 to 1.99.
However, we cannot demonstrate that this action is
random for the journals studied, but that some of them
abuse this artifice to improve their scientific impact in-
dices.
Another type of analysis carried out was the endogeny
applied to the countries, which is not necessarily linked
to a journal's language of origin; this relationship offers
a very peculiar connotation since some journals seek to
diversify their scope of idiomatic publications, while
others do not consider this situation.
If, in the first case, only the origin of the authors was
verified relative to the journal, as illustrated in Figure 1,
in this case, identified as endogenous were the journals
linked to their origin and to the authors who publish in
them (Figure 2).
The red line marks 50% of endogeny and shows that
61 journals were below 22.36% (Part A) of publica-
tions by authors with the same origin as the journal.
One may consider that this index is relatively low.
7[Academic Endogamy in Library and Information Science Journals]
Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-98666
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
However, the other 50% with more significant endoge-
ny (Part B) showed a circumstance with a proportional,
almost exponential growth.
This second situation of greater endogeny (Part B) is
directly related to the language of the publications,
with 39 journals only publishing content in English,
with the most diverse countries represented, such as
the United States of America (n = 24), United Kingdom
(n = 6), India (n = 5), South Africa (n = 1), Holand (n = 1),
and Germany (n = 1). Another detail, of the most endog-
enous, is that some journals balanced their language of
origin with English, as was the case of a Brazilian jour-
nal with 94.94% of its publications in English. Four
other journals showed, between 40% and 45%, that
their publications were represented in English, despite
being from countries with other national languages,
such as Hungary, Brazil, Italy, and Spain.
Relating endogeny in the language issue is useful in
identifying which journals are indeed international.
For example, all British journals (n = 6) are published
only in English. The same occurred for journals from
the United States of America (n = 25). Only one journal
from the United States of America published a paper in
Spanish among all its published articles.
In these two cases, it cannot be considered that these
are international journals only because of the publica-
tion in English. On the contrary, there is no idiomatic
internationalization in these journals.
The process is quite different when the same analysis is
carried out in journals from other countries, in which
case it was possible to identify a concern to publish
in more than one language, as in the case of Brazilian,
Hungarian, Italian, and Spanish journals.
However, it cannot be confirmed whether the content
of the papers published in each of the journals is of in-
ternational scope, with concerns with publishing on a
global scale and having citations from researchers from
several countries, thus analyzing the comprehensive-
ness of the published articles (Volpato, 2007).
Considering editorial endogeny, a thorough survey was
carried out of the fixed editors and editors of special
issues of the Library and Information Science journals
in the last five years. It was found that, in this segment,
50% of the publications maintained an index of less
than 5% of endogeny (Part A). This was surprising con-
sidering that these journals are the most sought-after in
Figure 2. Endogeny by country of origin of the journals.
Source: Study Data.
Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-98666
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
However, the other 50% with more significant endoge-
ny (Part B) showed a circumstance with a proportional,
almost exponential growth.
This second situation of greater endogeny (Part B) is
directly related to the language of the publications,
with 39 journals only publishing content in English,
with the most diverse countries represented, such as
the United States of America (n = 24), United Kingdom
(n = 6), India (n = 5), South Africa (n = 1), Holand (n = 1),
and Germany (n = 1). Another detail, of the most endog-
enous, is that some journals balanced their language of
origin with English, as was the case of a Brazilian jour-
nal with 94.94% of its publications in English. Four
other journals showed, between 40% and 45%, that
their publications were represented in English, despite
being from countries with other national languages,
such as Hungary, Brazil, Italy, and Spain.
Relating endogeny in the language issue is useful in
identifying which journals are indeed international.
For example, all British journals (n = 6) are published
only in English. The same occurred for journals from
the United States of America (n = 25). Only one journal
from the United States of America published a paper in
Spanish among all its published articles.
In these two cases, it cannot be considered that these
are international journals only because of the publica-
tion in English. On the contrary, there is no idiomatic
internationalization in these journals.
The process is quite different when the same analysis is
carried out in journals from other countries, in which
case it was possible to identify a concern to publish
in more than one language, as in the case of Brazilian,
Hungarian, Italian, and Spanish journals.
However, it cannot be confirmed whether the content
of the papers published in each of the journals is of in-
ternational scope, with concerns with publishing on a
global scale and having citations from researchers from
several countries, thus analyzing the comprehensive-
ness of the published articles (Volpato, 2007).
Considering editorial endogeny, a thorough survey was
carried out of the fixed editors and editors of special
issues of the Library and Information Science journals
in the last five years. It was found that, in this segment,
50% of the publications maintained an index of less
than 5% of endogeny (Part A). This was surprising con-
sidering that these journals are the most sought-after in
Figure 2. Endogeny by country of origin of the journals.
Source: Study Data.
8[Adilson Pinto, Fábio Lorensi do Canto, Washington Luis R. de Carvalho Segundo, Carlos Luis González-Valiente, Alexandre Ribas Semeler, José Antonio Moreiro Gon Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-9866
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
terms of publication in the field, and they still showed
rigor and very ethical behavior (Figure 3).
On the other hand (Part B), we observed a universe of
22 journals (18.03%) with rates higher than 15%. The
detail is that this number tends to worsen in the last
eight journals (6.55%), with indices higher than 25% of
publications carried out by those responsible for man-
aging the journals.
A curious fact of this latter universe of journals with
abusive use of editor endogeny is that they are con-
centrated in only four countries: United Kingdom (n =
3), Germany (n = 2), United States of America (n = 2),
and Canada (n = 1), with a predominance of the native
language of the journal being English. Imagine if these
data were with languages derived from Latin (Spanish,
Italian, French, and Portuguese), for example; the argu-
ment would be concerning the lack of ethical quality of
the journals, but this is not the case.
Once the three types of endogeny proposed in this
study were assessed, we considered that an endoge-
nous index model could be generated, as reported in
the methodology.
This model was based on the quartile of journals in the
Web of Science database as a parameter for its division.
We also determined the median of the entire analysis,
which was 4.001, as illustrated in Figure 4 in yellow.
The relationship by quartile was necessary because it
impacts the publication, with journals of the second
quartile (in blue) presenting the most significant num-
ber of journals among the most qualified in the set of
low endogeny by editors, countries, and self-citations.
Subsequently, a more or less similar performance was
achieved among the journals of the first and third
quartiles. However, the journals in the fourth quartile
showed the worst performance in the analysis. This
link with a low quartile may result from a relationship
in which no attention is paid to accurate control of its
publications, regardless of the editorial origin of the
journal (commercial, academic, or associative).
Figure 3. Editorial endogeny.
Source: Study Data.
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
terms of publication in the field, and they still showed
rigor and very ethical behavior (Figure 3).
On the other hand (Part B), we observed a universe of
22 journals (18.03%) with rates higher than 15%. The
detail is that this number tends to worsen in the last
eight journals (6.55%), with indices higher than 25% of
publications carried out by those responsible for man-
aging the journals.
A curious fact of this latter universe of journals with
abusive use of editor endogeny is that they are con-
centrated in only four countries: United Kingdom (n =
3), Germany (n = 2), United States of America (n = 2),
and Canada (n = 1), with a predominance of the native
language of the journal being English. Imagine if these
data were with languages derived from Latin (Spanish,
Italian, French, and Portuguese), for example; the argu-
ment would be concerning the lack of ethical quality of
the journals, but this is not the case.
Once the three types of endogeny proposed in this
study were assessed, we considered that an endoge-
nous index model could be generated, as reported in
the methodology.
This model was based on the quartile of journals in the
Web of Science database as a parameter for its division.
We also determined the median of the entire analysis,
which was 4.001, as illustrated in Figure 4 in yellow.
The relationship by quartile was necessary because it
impacts the publication, with journals of the second
quartile (in blue) presenting the most significant num-
ber of journals among the most qualified in the set of
low endogeny by editors, countries, and self-citations.
Subsequently, a more or less similar performance was
achieved among the journals of the first and third
quartiles. However, the journals in the fourth quartile
showed the worst performance in the analysis. This
link with a low quartile may result from a relationship
in which no attention is paid to accurate control of its
publications, regardless of the editorial origin of the
journal (commercial, academic, or associative).
Figure 3. Editorial endogeny.
Source: Study Data.
9[Academic Endogamy in Library and Information Science Journals]
Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-98666
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Figure 4. Model of the endogeny index, compared to the journal's quartile.
Source: Study Data.
5. Final Considerations
We found that all the analyzed journals presented
some endogenous behavior, either related to self-cita-
tions or the correspondence between authors and the
country of origin of the journal or the editorial board.
However, the levels of endogeny varied significantly
among the journals analyzed. The results are relevant
precisely because they establish an average parameter
of endogeny for the journals of the field in each of the
variables analyzed.
Thus, the publications that significantly extrapolated
the average levels of endogenous behavior should be
analyzed more precisely to identify if there is any jus-
tification for the extreme position of such publications
compared to others in the field.
Therefore, the overall analysis proposed in this study
may be complemented with other more specific ones
that aim to identify possible reasons for extreme
endogenous behaviors of certain publications and po-
tential benefits in terms of scientific indicators caused
by these behaviors.
A joint methodology of analyses, general and specif-
ic, may later be comparatively replicated for other
disciplines to identify variation in endogeny patterns
between publications in different areas of knowledge.
As a suggestion, it would also be necessary to identify
the degree of endogeny that publications could repro-
duce relative to researchers who are somehow linked to
the journals, e.g., by the department. Thus, we would
have an ideal model; however, since it was not an item
to be evaluated, it is considered that it may be thor-
oughly studied in future work.
With a view to other editorial types, one could also re-
flect on cross-citations between journals of the same
publishing house, which could identify a pattern of
commercial publishers with their content.
Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-98666
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Figure 4. Model of the endogeny index, compared to the journal's quartile.
Source: Study Data.
5. Final Considerations
We found that all the analyzed journals presented
some endogenous behavior, either related to self-cita-
tions or the correspondence between authors and the
country of origin of the journal or the editorial board.
However, the levels of endogeny varied significantly
among the journals analyzed. The results are relevant
precisely because they establish an average parameter
of endogeny for the journals of the field in each of the
variables analyzed.
Thus, the publications that significantly extrapolated
the average levels of endogenous behavior should be
analyzed more precisely to identify if there is any jus-
tification for the extreme position of such publications
compared to others in the field.
Therefore, the overall analysis proposed in this study
may be complemented with other more specific ones
that aim to identify possible reasons for extreme
endogenous behaviors of certain publications and po-
tential benefits in terms of scientific indicators caused
by these behaviors.
A joint methodology of analyses, general and specif-
ic, may later be comparatively replicated for other
disciplines to identify variation in endogeny patterns
between publications in different areas of knowledge.
As a suggestion, it would also be necessary to identify
the degree of endogeny that publications could repro-
duce relative to researchers who are somehow linked to
the journals, e.g., by the department. Thus, we would
have an ideal model; however, since it was not an item
to be evaluated, it is considered that it may be thor-
oughly studied in future work.
With a view to other editorial types, one could also re-
flect on cross-citations between journals of the same
publishing house, which could identify a pattern of
commercial publishers with their content.
10[Adilson Pinto, Fábio Lorensi do Canto, Washington Luis R. de Carvalho Segundo, Carlos Luis González-Valiente, Alexandre Ribas Semeler, José Antonio Moreiro Gon Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-9866
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Conselho Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
- CNPq/MCTI/FNDCT Notice No. 18/2021 - B - Con-
solidated Groups. Process 422989/2021-5, Protocol
3126211994678580.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are
available on request from the corresponding author.
The data are not publicly available due to privacy or
ethical restrictions.
5. References
1. Altbach, Philip; Yudkevich, Maria; Rumbley, Laura
(2015). Academic inbreeding: Local challenge, global pro-
blem. Asia Pasific Education Review, (16), 317–330. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s12564-015-9391-8
2. Arencibia-Jorge, Ricardo; Peralta-González, María Jose-
fa (2021). Recommendations on the use of Scopus for the
study of Information Sciences in Latin America. Iberoame-
rican Journal of Science Measurement and Communication, 1(1),
008. https://doi.org/10.47909/ ijsmc.07
3. Arteaga-Livias, Kovy; Dámaso-Mata, Bernardo; Pan-
duro-Correa, Vicky; Mandujano-Valdivieso, Luis;
Cajas-Bravo Verónica; Maguiña Jorge (2021). Endogamia
de comités editoriales en revistas peruanas de la salud.
Iatreia, 34(3), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ia-
treia.83
4. Arteaga-Livias, Kovy; Panduro-Correa, Vicky; Mandu-
jano-Valdivieso, Luis; Maguiña, Jorge; Silva, Samuel;
Cajas-Bravo Verónica; Dámaso-Mata, Bernardo; Mar-
tel-Carranza, Christian; Rabaan, Ali; Gómez-Gonzáles,
Walter; Rodríguez-Morales, Alfonso; Ubillús, Milward
(2022). Editorial board inbreeding in Latin American pu-
blic health journals. Revista Cubana de Información en Ciencias
de la Salud, 33(1), 1–13. https://cris.continental.edu.pe/en/
publications/editorial-board-inbreeding-in-latin-ameri-
can-public-health-journa
5. Baccini, Alberto; Petrovich, Eugenio (2023). A global ex-
ploratory comparison of country self-citations 1996–2019.
PLoS ONE, 18(12), e0294669. https://doi.org/10.1371/jour-
nal.pone.0294669
6. Bardeesi, Anas; Jamjoom, Aimun; Sharab, Momen;
Jamjoom, Abdulhakim (2021a). Impact of country self ci-
tation on the ranking of the top 50 countries in clinical
neurology. eNeurologicalSci, 23, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ensci.2021.100333
7. Bardeesi, Anas; Jamjoom, Aimun; Algahtani, Abdul-
hadi; Jamjoom, Abdulhakim (2021b). The impact of
country self-citation rate among medical specialties in
Saudi Arabia. Cureus, 13(1), e12487. https://doi.org/10.7759/
cureus.12487
8. Caldas, Miguel; Tinoco, Tatiana (2004). Pesquisa em gestão
de recursos humanos nos anos 1990: um estudo bibliomé-
trico. Revista de Administração de Empresa, 44(3), 100–114.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902004000300008
9. Cervantes-Rosas, María de los Ángeles; Martínez-Huer-
ta, Ramón (2015). Capacidades endógenas, investigación
y desarrollo regional: génesis de un espacio de discu-
sión. RA XIMHAI, 11(4), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.35197/
rx.11.01.e2.2015.12.mc
10. Costa, Airton; Pinto, Adilson (2016). De bolsista a cientista:
a experiência da UFSC com o Programa de Iniciação Científica no
processo de formação de pesquisadores (1990 a 2012). EdUFSC.
11. Di Carlo, Josnei (2016). Balanço das publicações da Em
Tese no período 2003-2016. Em Tese, 13(2), 1–9. https://doi.
org/10.5007/1806-5023.2016v13n2p1
12. Eells, Walter; Cleveland, Austin (1935). The effects of
inbreeding. The Journal of Higher Education, 6(6), 323–328.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.1935.11772686
13. Fischer, Adriana; Ferreira, Klara; Da Silva, Rochele
(2020). Escrita acadêmica em artigos científicos: auto-
citação em diferentes áreas disciplinares. Revista on line de
Política e Gestão Educacional, Araraquara, 24(3), 1257–1271.
https://doi.org/10.22633/rpge.v24i3.14160
14. Gandra, Tatiane; Rocha, Janicy (2019). Orientação aca-
dêmica como espaço de integração intelectual, social e
afetiva. Informação em Pauta, 4(e.n.), 83–100. https://doi.
org/10.32810/2525-3468.ip.v4iEspecial.2019.41208.83-100
15. Gazni, Ali; Didegah, Fereshteh (2021). Journal self-cita-
tion trends in 1975–2017 and the effect on journal impact
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Conselho Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
- CNPq/MCTI/FNDCT Notice No. 18/2021 - B - Con-
solidated Groups. Process 422989/2021-5, Protocol
3126211994678580.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are
available on request from the corresponding author.
The data are not publicly available due to privacy or
ethical restrictions.
5. References
1. Altbach, Philip; Yudkevich, Maria; Rumbley, Laura
(2015). Academic inbreeding: Local challenge, global pro-
blem. Asia Pasific Education Review, (16), 317–330. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s12564-015-9391-8
2. Arencibia-Jorge, Ricardo; Peralta-González, María Jose-
fa (2021). Recommendations on the use of Scopus for the
study of Information Sciences in Latin America. Iberoame-
rican Journal of Science Measurement and Communication, 1(1),
008. https://doi.org/10.47909/ ijsmc.07
3. Arteaga-Livias, Kovy; Dámaso-Mata, Bernardo; Pan-
duro-Correa, Vicky; Mandujano-Valdivieso, Luis;
Cajas-Bravo Verónica; Maguiña Jorge (2021). Endogamia
de comités editoriales en revistas peruanas de la salud.
Iatreia, 34(3), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ia-
treia.83
4. Arteaga-Livias, Kovy; Panduro-Correa, Vicky; Mandu-
jano-Valdivieso, Luis; Maguiña, Jorge; Silva, Samuel;
Cajas-Bravo Verónica; Dámaso-Mata, Bernardo; Mar-
tel-Carranza, Christian; Rabaan, Ali; Gómez-Gonzáles,
Walter; Rodríguez-Morales, Alfonso; Ubillús, Milward
(2022). Editorial board inbreeding in Latin American pu-
blic health journals. Revista Cubana de Información en Ciencias
de la Salud, 33(1), 1–13. https://cris.continental.edu.pe/en/
publications/editorial-board-inbreeding-in-latin-ameri-
can-public-health-journa
5. Baccini, Alberto; Petrovich, Eugenio (2023). A global ex-
ploratory comparison of country self-citations 1996–2019.
PLoS ONE, 18(12), e0294669. https://doi.org/10.1371/jour-
nal.pone.0294669
6. Bardeesi, Anas; Jamjoom, Aimun; Sharab, Momen;
Jamjoom, Abdulhakim (2021a). Impact of country self ci-
tation on the ranking of the top 50 countries in clinical
neurology. eNeurologicalSci, 23, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ensci.2021.100333
7. Bardeesi, Anas; Jamjoom, Aimun; Algahtani, Abdul-
hadi; Jamjoom, Abdulhakim (2021b). The impact of
country self-citation rate among medical specialties in
Saudi Arabia. Cureus, 13(1), e12487. https://doi.org/10.7759/
cureus.12487
8. Caldas, Miguel; Tinoco, Tatiana (2004). Pesquisa em gestão
de recursos humanos nos anos 1990: um estudo bibliomé-
trico. Revista de Administração de Empresa, 44(3), 100–114.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902004000300008
9. Cervantes-Rosas, María de los Ángeles; Martínez-Huer-
ta, Ramón (2015). Capacidades endógenas, investigación
y desarrollo regional: génesis de un espacio de discu-
sión. RA XIMHAI, 11(4), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.35197/
rx.11.01.e2.2015.12.mc
10. Costa, Airton; Pinto, Adilson (2016). De bolsista a cientista:
a experiência da UFSC com o Programa de Iniciação Científica no
processo de formação de pesquisadores (1990 a 2012). EdUFSC.
11. Di Carlo, Josnei (2016). Balanço das publicações da Em
Tese no período 2003-2016. Em Tese, 13(2), 1–9. https://doi.
org/10.5007/1806-5023.2016v13n2p1
12. Eells, Walter; Cleveland, Austin (1935). The effects of
inbreeding. The Journal of Higher Education, 6(6), 323–328.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.1935.11772686
13. Fischer, Adriana; Ferreira, Klara; Da Silva, Rochele
(2020). Escrita acadêmica em artigos científicos: auto-
citação em diferentes áreas disciplinares. Revista on line de
Política e Gestão Educacional, Araraquara, 24(3), 1257–1271.
https://doi.org/10.22633/rpge.v24i3.14160
14. Gandra, Tatiane; Rocha, Janicy (2019). Orientação aca-
dêmica como espaço de integração intelectual, social e
afetiva. Informação em Pauta, 4(e.n.), 83–100. https://doi.
org/10.32810/2525-3468.ip.v4iEspecial.2019.41208.83-100
15. Gazni, Ali; Didegah, Fereshteh (2021). Journal self-cita-
tion trends in 1975–2017 and the effect on journal impact
11[Academic Endogamy in Library and Information Science Journals]
Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-98666
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
and article citations. Learned Publishing, 34(2), 233–240.
https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1348
16. Ghane,Mohammad(2009).CorrelationbetweenSelf-Cita-
tion and Impact Factor in Persian Journal Citation Report's
Medical Journals. Health Information Management, 6(1),
1–12. https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_10965.html?lang=en
17. González-Sala, Francisco; Osca-Lluch, Julia; Haba-Osca,
Julia (2019). Are journal and author self-citations a visibi-
lity strategy? Scientometrics, 119(3), 1345–1364. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11192-019-03101-3
18. Gorelova, Olga; Yudkevich, Maria (2015). Acade-
mic inbreeding: State of the literature. Academic
Inbreeding and Mobility in Higher Education, 17–44. https://doi.
org/10.1057/9781137461254_2
19. Gray, Paul (2009). Journal self-citation I: Overview of
the journal self-citation papers – The wisdom of the IS
crowd. Communications of the Association for Information Sys-
tems, 25, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.02501
20. Inoue, Shojiro (1935). Biology of sleep substances. CRC Press.
21. Jacinto, Asaph (2021). Researches about higher edu-
cation in Brazil. Educação, 44(2), 1–14. https://doi.
org/10.15448/1981-2582.2021.2.34595
22. Minasny, Budiman; Hartemink, Alfred; McBratney, Alex
(2010). Individual, country, and journal self-citation in
soil science. Geoderma, 155(3–4), 434–438. https://doi.or-
g/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.003
23. Pagel, Paul; Hudetz, Judith (2011). Bibliometric analysis of
anaesthesia journal editorial board members: Correlation
between journal impact factor and the median h-index of
its board members. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 107, 357–
361.
24. Pelegrini, Tatiane; França, Marco (2020). Endogenia
Acadêmica: Insights Sobre a Pesquisa Brasileira. Estudos
Econômicos - Instituto De Pesquisas Econômicas, 50(4), 573–610.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41615041tpmf
25. Repiso, Rafael; Moreno-Delgado, Alicia; Aguaded, Igna-
cio; (2021). Factors affecting the frequency of citation of
an article. Iberoamerican Journal of Science Measurement and
Communication, 1(1), 007. https://doi.org/10.47909/ijsmc.08
26. Sivak, Elizaveta; Yudkevich, Maria (2012). University In-
breeding: An impact on values, strategies and individual
productivity of faculty members. SSRN. http://dx.doi.
org/10.2139/ssrn.1996417
27. Soler, Manuel (2001). How inbreeding affects productivity
in Europe. Nature, 411, 132. https://doi.org/10.1038/35075637
28. Sugimoto, Cassidy (2014). Academic genealogy. In Blai-
se Cronin, Cassidy Sugimoto (Eds.), Beyond bibliometrics:
harnessing multidimensional indicators of scholarly impact
(pp. 365–382). The MIT Press.
29. Volpato, Gilson (2007). Ciência e comportamento animal.
In: Emilia Yamamoto; Gilson Volpato (Org.). Comporta-
mento animal (pp. 25–46). Natal: EdUFRN.
30. Wooldridge, Jeffrey (2009). Introductory econometrics: A mo-
dern approach. South-Western.
31. Yudkevich, Maria; Altbach, Philip; Rumbley, Laura
(2015). Academic Inbreeding and Mobility in Higher Education:
Global perspectives. Palgrave.
32. Youk, Sungbin; Park, Hee (2019). Where and what do
they publish? Editors’ and editorial board members’
affiliated institutions and the citation counts of their
endogenous publications in the field of communication.
Scientometrics, 120(3), 1237–1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11192-019-03169-x
33. Zdeněk, Radek; Lososová, Jana (2018). An analysis of edi-
torial board members’ publication output in agricultural
economics and policy journals. Scientometrics, 117, 563–578.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2881-
34. Zsindely, S.; Schubert, A.; Braun, T. (1982). Editorial ga-
tekeeping patterns in international science journals. A
new science indicator. Scientometrics, 4, 57–68. https://doi.
org/10.1007/BF02098006
Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-98666
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
and article citations. Learned Publishing, 34(2), 233–240.
https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1348
16. Ghane,Mohammad(2009).CorrelationbetweenSelf-Cita-
tion and Impact Factor in Persian Journal Citation Report's
Medical Journals. Health Information Management, 6(1),
1–12. https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_10965.html?lang=en
17. González-Sala, Francisco; Osca-Lluch, Julia; Haba-Osca,
Julia (2019). Are journal and author self-citations a visibi-
lity strategy? Scientometrics, 119(3), 1345–1364. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11192-019-03101-3
18. Gorelova, Olga; Yudkevich, Maria (2015). Acade-
mic inbreeding: State of the literature. Academic
Inbreeding and Mobility in Higher Education, 17–44. https://doi.
org/10.1057/9781137461254_2
19. Gray, Paul (2009). Journal self-citation I: Overview of
the journal self-citation papers – The wisdom of the IS
crowd. Communications of the Association for Information Sys-
tems, 25, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.02501
20. Inoue, Shojiro (1935). Biology of sleep substances. CRC Press.
21. Jacinto, Asaph (2021). Researches about higher edu-
cation in Brazil. Educação, 44(2), 1–14. https://doi.
org/10.15448/1981-2582.2021.2.34595
22. Minasny, Budiman; Hartemink, Alfred; McBratney, Alex
(2010). Individual, country, and journal self-citation in
soil science. Geoderma, 155(3–4), 434–438. https://doi.or-
g/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.003
23. Pagel, Paul; Hudetz, Judith (2011). Bibliometric analysis of
anaesthesia journal editorial board members: Correlation
between journal impact factor and the median h-index of
its board members. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 107, 357–
361.
24. Pelegrini, Tatiane; França, Marco (2020). Endogenia
Acadêmica: Insights Sobre a Pesquisa Brasileira. Estudos
Econômicos - Instituto De Pesquisas Econômicas, 50(4), 573–610.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41615041tpmf
25. Repiso, Rafael; Moreno-Delgado, Alicia; Aguaded, Igna-
cio; (2021). Factors affecting the frequency of citation of
an article. Iberoamerican Journal of Science Measurement and
Communication, 1(1), 007. https://doi.org/10.47909/ijsmc.08
26. Sivak, Elizaveta; Yudkevich, Maria (2012). University In-
breeding: An impact on values, strategies and individual
productivity of faculty members. SSRN. http://dx.doi.
org/10.2139/ssrn.1996417
27. Soler, Manuel (2001). How inbreeding affects productivity
in Europe. Nature, 411, 132. https://doi.org/10.1038/35075637
28. Sugimoto, Cassidy (2014). Academic genealogy. In Blai-
se Cronin, Cassidy Sugimoto (Eds.), Beyond bibliometrics:
harnessing multidimensional indicators of scholarly impact
(pp. 365–382). The MIT Press.
29. Volpato, Gilson (2007). Ciência e comportamento animal.
In: Emilia Yamamoto; Gilson Volpato (Org.). Comporta-
mento animal (pp. 25–46). Natal: EdUFRN.
30. Wooldridge, Jeffrey (2009). Introductory econometrics: A mo-
dern approach. South-Western.
31. Yudkevich, Maria; Altbach, Philip; Rumbley, Laura
(2015). Academic Inbreeding and Mobility in Higher Education:
Global perspectives. Palgrave.
32. Youk, Sungbin; Park, Hee (2019). Where and what do
they publish? Editors’ and editorial board members’
affiliated institutions and the citation counts of their
endogenous publications in the field of communication.
Scientometrics, 120(3), 1237–1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11192-019-03169-x
33. Zdeněk, Radek; Lososová, Jana (2018). An analysis of edi-
torial board members’ publication output in agricultural
economics and policy journals. Scientometrics, 117, 563–578.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2881-
34. Zsindely, S.; Schubert, A.; Braun, T. (1982). Editorial ga-
tekeeping patterns in international science journals. A
new science indicator. Scientometrics, 4, 57–68. https://doi.
org/10.1007/BF02098006
12[Adilson Pinto, Fábio Lorensi do Canto, Washington Luis R. de Carvalho Segundo, Carlos Luis González-Valiente, Alexandre Ribas Semeler, José Antonio Moreiro Gon Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-9866
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Appendix 1
Journal General
Productions Q Type ISSN e-ISSN ISO3
Country Papers
Scientometrics 2031 2 Journal 1588-2861 0138-9130 NLD 1860
Journal of The American Medical Informatics Association 1424 1 Journal 1527-974X 1067-5027 USA 1260
Information Processing Management 1031 1 Journal 1873-5371 GRB 1012
Qualitative Health Research 908 2 Journal 1552-7557 1049-7323 USA 880
International Journal of Information Management 753 1 Journal 1873-4707 0268-4012 GRB 725
Journal of Knowledge Management 658 1 Journal 1758-7484 1367-3270 GRB 657
Profesional de la Información 688 2 Journal 1699-2407 1386-6710 ESP 665
Journal of Information Optimization Sciences 687 2 Journal 0252-2667 2169-0103 IND 672
Journal of The Association For Information Science And Technology 680 2 Journal 2330-1643 2330-1635 GRB 596
Information Technology People 532 2 Journal 0959-3845 1758-5813 GRB 527
Telematics and Informatics 660 1 Journal 0736-5853 USA 642
Journal of Academic Librarianship 601 3 Journal 1879-1999 0099-1333 GRB 552
International Journal of Geographical Information Science 590 1 Journal 1362-3087 1365-8816 GRB 564
Journal of Information Science 489 3 Journal 1741-6485 0165-5515 GRB 489
Information Management 526 1 Journal 0378-7206 1872-7530 NLD 508
Information Research an International Electronic Journal 529 4 Journal 1368-1613 SWU 381
Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 460 3 Journal 1741-6477 0961-0006 GRB 427
Nauchnye I Tekhnicheskie Biblioteki Scientific and Technical Libraries 535 4 Journal 0130-9765 RUS 514
Library Hi Tech 457 3 Journal 0737-8831 0737-8831 GRB 441
Journal of Documentation 461 3 Journal 1758-7379 0022-0418 GRB 459
College Research Libraries 461 3 Journal 0010-0870 2150-6701 USA 244
Journal of The Medical Library Association 472 3 Journal 1536-5050 USA 285
Online Information Review 432 2 Journal 1468-4535 1468-4527 GRB 426
Information Systems Research 417 1 Journal 1526-5536 1047-7047 USA 405
Journal of Informetrics 450 2 Journal 1875-5879 1751-1577 NLD 405
Journal of Health Communication 467 2 Journal 1087-0415 1081-0730 GRB 459
Social Science Computer Review 408 2 Journal 1552-8286 0894-4393 USA 401
Telecommunications Policy 436 2 Journal 1879-3258 0308-5961 GRB 423
Technical Services Quarterly 425 3 Journal 1555-3337 0731-7131 USA 96
Information Wissenschaft Und Praxis 427 4 Journal 1434-4653 1619-4292 DEU 117
Journal of Enterprise Information Management 367 1 Journal 1758-7409 1741-0398 GRB 358
Journal of Global Information Management 357 1 Journal 1533-7995 1062-7375 USA 351
Publishing Research Quarterly 372 3 Journal 1936-4792 1053-8801 USA 234
Information Development 352 2 Journal 1741-6469 0266-6669 GRB 320
Journal of Information Knowledge Management 354 3 Journal 0219-6492 1793-6926 USA 346
Government Information Quarterly 377 1 Journal 1872-9517 0740-624X GRB 368
Global Knowledge Memory and Communication 331 2 Journal 2514-9350 2514-9342 GRB 328
Knowledge Management Research Practice 346 2 Journal 1477-8238 1477-8246 GRB 336
Journal of The Australian Library And Information Association 387 3 Journal 2475-0166 2475-0158 GRB 129
Em Questao 353 4 Journal 1808-5245 1807-8893 BRA 321
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Appendix 1
Journal General
Productions Q Type ISSN e-ISSN ISO3
Country Papers
Scientometrics 2031 2 Journal 1588-2861 0138-9130 NLD 1860
Journal of The American Medical Informatics Association 1424 1 Journal 1527-974X 1067-5027 USA 1260
Information Processing Management 1031 1 Journal 1873-5371 GRB 1012
Qualitative Health Research 908 2 Journal 1552-7557 1049-7323 USA 880
International Journal of Information Management 753 1 Journal 1873-4707 0268-4012 GRB 725
Journal of Knowledge Management 658 1 Journal 1758-7484 1367-3270 GRB 657
Profesional de la Información 688 2 Journal 1699-2407 1386-6710 ESP 665
Journal of Information Optimization Sciences 687 2 Journal 0252-2667 2169-0103 IND 672
Journal of The Association For Information Science And Technology 680 2 Journal 2330-1643 2330-1635 GRB 596
Information Technology People 532 2 Journal 0959-3845 1758-5813 GRB 527
Telematics and Informatics 660 1 Journal 0736-5853 USA 642
Journal of Academic Librarianship 601 3 Journal 1879-1999 0099-1333 GRB 552
International Journal of Geographical Information Science 590 1 Journal 1362-3087 1365-8816 GRB 564
Journal of Information Science 489 3 Journal 1741-6485 0165-5515 GRB 489
Information Management 526 1 Journal 0378-7206 1872-7530 NLD 508
Information Research an International Electronic Journal 529 4 Journal 1368-1613 SWU 381
Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 460 3 Journal 1741-6477 0961-0006 GRB 427
Nauchnye I Tekhnicheskie Biblioteki Scientific and Technical Libraries 535 4 Journal 0130-9765 RUS 514
Library Hi Tech 457 3 Journal 0737-8831 0737-8831 GRB 441
Journal of Documentation 461 3 Journal 1758-7379 0022-0418 GRB 459
College Research Libraries 461 3 Journal 0010-0870 2150-6701 USA 244
Journal of The Medical Library Association 472 3 Journal 1536-5050 USA 285
Online Information Review 432 2 Journal 1468-4535 1468-4527 GRB 426
Information Systems Research 417 1 Journal 1526-5536 1047-7047 USA 405
Journal of Informetrics 450 2 Journal 1875-5879 1751-1577 NLD 405
Journal of Health Communication 467 2 Journal 1087-0415 1081-0730 GRB 459
Social Science Computer Review 408 2 Journal 1552-8286 0894-4393 USA 401
Telecommunications Policy 436 2 Journal 1879-3258 0308-5961 GRB 423
Technical Services Quarterly 425 3 Journal 1555-3337 0731-7131 USA 96
Information Wissenschaft Und Praxis 427 4 Journal 1434-4653 1619-4292 DEU 117
Journal of Enterprise Information Management 367 1 Journal 1758-7409 1741-0398 GRB 358
Journal of Global Information Management 357 1 Journal 1533-7995 1062-7375 USA 351
Publishing Research Quarterly 372 3 Journal 1936-4792 1053-8801 USA 234
Information Development 352 2 Journal 1741-6469 0266-6669 GRB 320
Journal of Information Knowledge Management 354 3 Journal 0219-6492 1793-6926 USA 346
Government Information Quarterly 377 1 Journal 1872-9517 0740-624X GRB 368
Global Knowledge Memory and Communication 331 2 Journal 2514-9350 2514-9342 GRB 328
Knowledge Management Research Practice 346 2 Journal 1477-8238 1477-8246 GRB 336
Journal of The Australian Library And Information Association 387 3 Journal 2475-0166 2475-0158 GRB 129
Em Questao 353 4 Journal 1808-5245 1807-8893 BRA 321
13[Academic Endogamy in Library and Information Science Journals]
Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-98666
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Vine Journal of Information And Knowledge Management Systems 311 2 Journal 1474-1032 2059-5891 GRB 310
Zeitschrift Fur Bibliothekswesen Und Bibliographie 360 4 Journal 1864-2950 0044-2380 DEU 90
Journal of Library Administration 324 3 Journal 1540-3564 0193-0826 USA 315
Mis Quarterly 335 1 Journal 0276-7783 USA 328
Aslib Journal of Information Management 304 3 Journal 1758-3748 2050-3806 GRB 296
Learned Publishing 330 1 Journal 1741-4857 0953-1513 GRB 251
Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis 351 4 Journal 1865-7648 0341-4183 DEU 274
Turkish Librarianship 298 4 Journal 2147-9682 1300-0039 TUR 153
Aib Studi 316 4 Journal 2239-6144 2280-9112 ITA 121
Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 310 3 Journal 1715-720X 1715-720X CAN 186
Journal of The Association For Information Systems 274 1 Journal 1558-3457 1536-9323 USA 235
Publications 275 2 Journal 2304-6775 CHE 252
Electronic Library 290 2 Journal 1758-616X 0264-0473 GRB 285
European Journal of Information Systems 257 1 Journal 1476-9344 0960-085X GRB 235
Desidoc Journal of Library Information Technology 275 3 Journal 0974-0643 0976-4658 IND 267
Quantitative Science Studies 227 1 Journal 2641-3337 USA 208
Ethics and Information Technology 231 2 Journal 1572-8439 1388-1957 NLD 222
Information Systems Journal 253 1 Journal 1365-2575 1350-1917 GRB 210
Revista Ibero Americana de Ciencia da Informacao 255 4 Journal 1983-5213 BRA 241
Cataloging Classification Quarterly 248 3 Journal 0163-9374 1544-4554 USA 192
Health Information and Libraries Journal 230 2 Journal 1471-1842 1471-1834 GRB 194
Law Library Journal 269 3 Journal 0023-9283 0023-9283 USA 63
Library Management 242 3 Journal 1758-7921 0143-5124 GRB 236
Information and Learning Sciences 202 2 Journal 1758-6909 2398-5348 GRB 193
Perspectivas Em Ciencia da Informacao 246 4 Journal 1981-5344 1413-9936 BRA 223
Ifla Journal International Federation of Library Associations 210 3 Journal 0340-0352 1745-2651 GRB 193
Serials Review 245 4 Journal 1879-095X 0098-7913 GRB 176
Scientific and Technical Information Processing 238 4 Journal 1934-8118 0147-6882 USA 237
Journal of Management Information Systems 233 1 Journal 1557-928X 0742-1222 USA 201
Research Evaluation 219 1 Journal 1471-5449 0958-2029 GRB 206
Portal Libraries and The Academy 229 2 Journal 1531-2542 1530-7131 USA 200
Information Technology for Development 209 2 Journal 1554-0170 0268-1102 GRB 185
Journal of Organizational And End User Computing 200 1 Journal 1546-5012 1546-2234 USA 188
Journal of Scientometric Research 231 3 Journal 2320-0057 2321-6654 IND 190
Qualitative Quantitative Methods in Libraries 166 4 Journal 2241-1925 GRC 166
Public Library Quarterly 222 3 Journal 1541-1540 0161-6846 USA 177
Library Quarterly 207 2 Journal 1549-652X 0024-2519 USA 108
Encontros Bibli Revista Eletronica de Biblioteconomia E Ciencia da
Informacao 217 4 Journal 1518-2924 BRA 208
Data Technologies and Applications 190 2 Journal 2514-9318 2514-9288 GRB 187
Information Polity 194 2 Journal 1875-8754 1570-1255 NLD 134
Transforming Government People Process and Policy 166 2 Journal 1750-6166 1750-6174 GRB 161
Information Technology and Libraries 196 3 Journal 2163-5226 0730-9295 USA 129
World Patent Information 204 2 Journal 1874-690X 0172-2190 GRB 140
Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-98666
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Vine Journal of Information And Knowledge Management Systems 311 2 Journal 1474-1032 2059-5891 GRB 310
Zeitschrift Fur Bibliothekswesen Und Bibliographie 360 4 Journal 1864-2950 0044-2380 DEU 90
Journal of Library Administration 324 3 Journal 1540-3564 0193-0826 USA 315
Mis Quarterly 335 1 Journal 0276-7783 USA 328
Aslib Journal of Information Management 304 3 Journal 1758-3748 2050-3806 GRB 296
Learned Publishing 330 1 Journal 1741-4857 0953-1513 GRB 251
Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis 351 4 Journal 1865-7648 0341-4183 DEU 274
Turkish Librarianship 298 4 Journal 2147-9682 1300-0039 TUR 153
Aib Studi 316 4 Journal 2239-6144 2280-9112 ITA 121
Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 310 3 Journal 1715-720X 1715-720X CAN 186
Journal of The Association For Information Systems 274 1 Journal 1558-3457 1536-9323 USA 235
Publications 275 2 Journal 2304-6775 CHE 252
Electronic Library 290 2 Journal 1758-616X 0264-0473 GRB 285
European Journal of Information Systems 257 1 Journal 1476-9344 0960-085X GRB 235
Desidoc Journal of Library Information Technology 275 3 Journal 0974-0643 0976-4658 IND 267
Quantitative Science Studies 227 1 Journal 2641-3337 USA 208
Ethics and Information Technology 231 2 Journal 1572-8439 1388-1957 NLD 222
Information Systems Journal 253 1 Journal 1365-2575 1350-1917 GRB 210
Revista Ibero Americana de Ciencia da Informacao 255 4 Journal 1983-5213 BRA 241
Cataloging Classification Quarterly 248 3 Journal 0163-9374 1544-4554 USA 192
Health Information and Libraries Journal 230 2 Journal 1471-1842 1471-1834 GRB 194
Law Library Journal 269 3 Journal 0023-9283 0023-9283 USA 63
Library Management 242 3 Journal 1758-7921 0143-5124 GRB 236
Information and Learning Sciences 202 2 Journal 1758-6909 2398-5348 GRB 193
Perspectivas Em Ciencia da Informacao 246 4 Journal 1981-5344 1413-9936 BRA 223
Ifla Journal International Federation of Library Associations 210 3 Journal 0340-0352 1745-2651 GRB 193
Serials Review 245 4 Journal 1879-095X 0098-7913 GRB 176
Scientific and Technical Information Processing 238 4 Journal 1934-8118 0147-6882 USA 237
Journal of Management Information Systems 233 1 Journal 1557-928X 0742-1222 USA 201
Research Evaluation 219 1 Journal 1471-5449 0958-2029 GRB 206
Portal Libraries and The Academy 229 2 Journal 1531-2542 1530-7131 USA 200
Information Technology for Development 209 2 Journal 1554-0170 0268-1102 GRB 185
Journal of Organizational And End User Computing 200 1 Journal 1546-5012 1546-2234 USA 188
Journal of Scientometric Research 231 3 Journal 2320-0057 2321-6654 IND 190
Qualitative Quantitative Methods in Libraries 166 4 Journal 2241-1925 GRC 166
Public Library Quarterly 222 3 Journal 1541-1540 0161-6846 USA 177
Library Quarterly 207 2 Journal 1549-652X 0024-2519 USA 108
Encontros Bibli Revista Eletronica de Biblioteconomia E Ciencia da
Informacao 217 4 Journal 1518-2924 BRA 208
Data Technologies and Applications 190 2 Journal 2514-9318 2514-9288 GRB 187
Information Polity 194 2 Journal 1875-8754 1570-1255 NLD 134
Transforming Government People Process and Policy 166 2 Journal 1750-6166 1750-6174 GRB 161
Information Technology and Libraries 196 3 Journal 2163-5226 0730-9295 USA 129
World Patent Information 204 2 Journal 1874-690X 0172-2190 GRB 140
14[Adilson Pinto, Fábio Lorensi do Canto, Washington Luis R. de Carvalho Segundo, Carlos Luis González-Valiente, Alexandre Ribas Semeler, José Antonio Moreiro Gon Rev. Interam. Bibliot. Medellín (Colombia) Vol. 47, Issue 2/May-August 2024 e355413 ISSN 0120-0976 / ISSN (en línea) 2538-9866
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Knowledge Organization 205 3 Journal 0943-7444 DEU 177
Information Discovery and Delivery 164 2 Journal 2398-6247 GRB 159
Education for Information 173 1 Journal 1875-8649 0167-8329 NLD 130
Library Information Science Research 187 2 Journal 0740-8188 1873-1848 GRB 178
Digital Policy Regulation and Governance 182 2 Journal 2398-5046 2398-5038 GRB 154
Investigacion Bibliotecologica 195 3 Journal 2448-8321 0187-358X MEX 190
Reference Services Review 184 3 Journal 2054-1716 0090-7324 GRB 160
Digital Library Perspectives 162 2 Journal 2054-1694 2059-5816 GRB 148
Revista General de Informacion y Documentacion 167 4 Journal 1988-2858 1132-1873 ESP 135
Library Trends 184 3 Journal 1559-0682 0024-2594 USA 159
Social Science Information sur les Sciences Sociales 159 2 Journal 1461-7412 0539-0184 GRB 146
Reference User Services Quarterly 240 3 Journal 1094-9054 2163-5242 USA 68
Informacao Sociedade Estudos 186 4 Journal 0104-0146 1809-4783 BRA 173
Collection Management 147 3 Journal 1545-2549 0146-2679 USA 121
Information Society 146 1 Journal 1087-6537 0197-2243 USA 110
Jlis It 168 4 Journal 2038-5366 2038-1026 ITA 155
Library Information History 159 4 Journal 1758-3489 1758-3497 GRB 37
Annals of Library and Information Studies 167 3 Journal 0975-2404 0972-5423 IND 146
Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 135 1 Journal 1083-6101 USA 124
Journal of Data and Information Science 140 2 Journal 2543-683X 2096-157X POL 129
Atoz Novas Praticas em Informacao e Conhecimento 130 4 Journal 2237-826X BRA 120
Data Base for Advances in Information Systems 150 2 Journal 0095-0033 USA 125
Bibliotecas Anales de Investigacion 139 4 Journal 0006-176X 1683-8947 CUB 125
Information Culture 132 2 Journal 2164-8034 2166-3033 USA 66
International Journal on Digital Libraries 138 2 Journal 1432-1300 1432-5012 DEU 125
Journal of Scholarly Publishing 154 1 Journal 1710-1166 1198-9742 CAN 86
Libri International Journal of Libraries and Information Studies 134 3 Journal 0024-2667 1865-8423 DEU 134
Informacios Tarsadalom 142 4 Journal 1587-8694 HUN 116
International Journal of Technology And Human Interaction 140 3 Journal 1548-3916 1548-3908 USA 129
Revista Espanola de Documentacion Cientifica 145 3 Journal 1988-4621 0210-0614 ESP 145
Insights the Uksg Journal 154 3 Journal 2048-7754 GRB 138
Journal of Web Librarianship 144 3 Journal 1932-2917 1932-2909 USA 52
South African Journal of Information Management 130 2 Journal 1560-683X 2078-1865 ZAF 129
Archival Science 124 2 Journal 1573-7500 1389-0166 NLD 111
Journal of Information Technology 128 2 Journal 1466-4437 0268-3962 GRB 97
Rdbci Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciencia da Informacao 104 Journal 1678-765X BRA 99
Library Resources Technical Services 141 4 Journal 0024-2527 2159-9610 USA 69
Collnet Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management 122 3 Journal 2168-930X 0973-7766 IND 117
Transinformação 125 4 Journal 2318-0889 0103-3786 BRA 120
Source: Web of Science. Data from the ISO3 Countries column has been normalized by the website: https://
country-code.cl/. Data from the papers column are only original articles and review articles.
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v47n2e355413
Knowledge Organization 205 3 Journal 0943-7444 DEU 177
Information Discovery and Delivery 164 2 Journal 2398-6247 GRB 159
Education for Information 173 1 Journal 1875-8649 0167-8329 NLD 130
Library Information Science Research 187 2 Journal 0740-8188 1873-1848 GRB 178
Digital Policy Regulation and Governance 182 2 Journal 2398-5046 2398-5038 GRB 154
Investigacion Bibliotecologica 195 3 Journal 2448-8321 0187-358X MEX 190
Reference Services Review 184 3 Journal 2054-1716 0090-7324 GRB 160
Digital Library Perspectives 162 2 Journal 2054-1694 2059-5816 GRB 148
Revista General de Informacion y Documentacion 167 4 Journal 1988-2858 1132-1873 ESP 135
Library Trends 184 3 Journal 1559-0682 0024-2594 USA 159
Social Science Information sur les Sciences Sociales 159 2 Journal 1461-7412 0539-0184 GRB 146
Reference User Services Quarterly 240 3 Journal 1094-9054 2163-5242 USA 68
Informacao Sociedade Estudos 186 4 Journal 0104-0146 1809-4783 BRA 173
Collection Management 147 3 Journal 1545-2549 0146-2679 USA 121
Information Society 146 1 Journal 1087-6537 0197-2243 USA 110
Jlis It 168 4 Journal 2038-5366 2038-1026 ITA 155
Library Information History 159 4 Journal 1758-3489 1758-3497 GRB 37
Annals of Library and Information Studies 167 3 Journal 0975-2404 0972-5423 IND 146
Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 135 1 Journal 1083-6101 USA 124
Journal of Data and Information Science 140 2 Journal 2543-683X 2096-157X POL 129
Atoz Novas Praticas em Informacao e Conhecimento 130 4 Journal 2237-826X BRA 120
Data Base for Advances in Information Systems 150 2 Journal 0095-0033 USA 125
Bibliotecas Anales de Investigacion 139 4 Journal 0006-176X 1683-8947 CUB 125
Information Culture 132 2 Journal 2164-8034 2166-3033 USA 66
International Journal on Digital Libraries 138 2 Journal 1432-1300 1432-5012 DEU 125
Journal of Scholarly Publishing 154 1 Journal 1710-1166 1198-9742 CAN 86
Libri International Journal of Libraries and Information Studies 134 3 Journal 0024-2667 1865-8423 DEU 134
Informacios Tarsadalom 142 4 Journal 1587-8694 HUN 116
International Journal of Technology And Human Interaction 140 3 Journal 1548-3916 1548-3908 USA 129
Revista Espanola de Documentacion Cientifica 145 3 Journal 1988-4621 0210-0614 ESP 145
Insights the Uksg Journal 154 3 Journal 2048-7754 GRB 138
Journal of Web Librarianship 144 3 Journal 1932-2917 1932-2909 USA 52
South African Journal of Information Management 130 2 Journal 1560-683X 2078-1865 ZAF 129
Archival Science 124 2 Journal 1573-7500 1389-0166 NLD 111
Journal of Information Technology 128 2 Journal 1466-4437 0268-3962 GRB 97
Rdbci Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciencia da Informacao 104 Journal 1678-765X BRA 99
Library Resources Technical Services 141 4 Journal 0024-2527 2159-9610 USA 69
Collnet Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management 122 3 Journal 2168-930X 0973-7766 IND 117
Transinformação 125 4 Journal 2318-0889 0103-3786 BRA 120
Source: Web of Science. Data from the ISO3 Countries column has been normalized by the website: https://
country-code.cl/. Data from the papers column are only original articles and review articles.