Historia de la artroplastia total de cadera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rcm.n17a01Palabras clave:
artroplastia, cadera, biomateriales, John Charnley, cerámicaResumen
La patología articular u osteoartrosis es una enfermedad altamente prevalente por la naturaleza de la evolución humana. Desde la primera mitad del siglo XIX, se entendió la necesidad de tratamiento para la patología debido a la alta morbilidad que esta conlleva. Todos los tratamientos diseñados desde ese tiempo han sido en búsqueda de devolver la funcionalidad al paciente y minimizar su dolor. Al inicio se utilizaron tratamientos rudimentarios como la extirpación articular de Henry Park, sin embargo, la evolución científica nos ha llevado al desarrollo de técnicas menos invasivas, que buscan mejorar la condición física del paciente. La artroplastia total de cadera es un avance de grandes dimensiones dentro de la ortopedia moderna representando la idea básica de reemplazar una articulación destruida. Este procedimiento tan utilizado en la actualidad ha sufrido grandes cambios desde sus inicios en 1962 cuando John Charnley la describió. Incluso hoy en día, existen diferentes materiales que cambian los resultados de una artroplastia y por ello se desarrollaron indicaciones para cada uno de estos. Los pares de fricción han evolucionado en búsqueda de aquel que sea resistente, biomecánicamente funcional y con la menor tasa de complicaciones posible.
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