Sociodemographic influences on motor development in 3-month-old preterm infants in a Colombian hospital
Keywords:
motor development, sociodemographic factors, neonatal mortality, premature birth, neurological risk, public healthAbstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality in children under five. Approximately one million babies die each year from complications of preterm birth, which is a public health problem because of its impact on the child, the family, and the health care system. However, studies to date have not considered the relationship between sociodemographic and neurological risk, which may be a determinant variable. The objective of this article is to determine the association between sociodemographic data and neurological risk in premature infants of 3 months adjusted age attending the "Kangaroo" program of a hospital institution in Medellín, Colombia. This is a descriptive, analytical, and correlational study of sociodemographic data and neurological risk in motor development in 3-month-old preterm infants of adjusted age. Sociodemographic factors were found to be associated with increased neurological risk in the population, but this association was not statistically significant. This finding was related to the fact that previous studies generally addressed socio-demographic data in the context of poverty, whereas in this case it was evaluated in a relatively optimal sector and with factors inherent to the selection of the sample obtained, which was low and did not allow establishing direct relationships between the two variables studied. It was also observed that the people most at risk were the most vulnerable in economic terms. It is important to ensure that future studies seek to understand the different mechanisms involved in motor development as an important step in the comprehensive evaluation and follow-up of preterm infants to identify risk factors and complications, taking into account the population to which the results of the study itself refer, which determined a possible neurological risk. In addition, prevention, supports, and interventions should be created to improve long-term disability and have a positive impact on the community. The focus should be on modifiable risk factors that enable health care providers and parents to improve developmental and functional outcomes.
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