Revisión sistemática sobre calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en gestantes 2008-2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/10.17533/udea.hm.v12n1a03Palabras clave:
Gestación, Calidad de vida, Revisión sistemática, Mujer, Embarazo de alto riesgoResumen
Introducción: la gestación es un periodo de importantes cambios fisiológicos, morfológicos y psicológicos que a su vez se asocian con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS).
Objetivo general: describir las publicaciones sobre CVRS de gestantes en el periodo 2008-2019 y analizar sus dimensiones en salud física y mental con el SF-36.
Materiales y métodos: revisión sistemática en MedLine-Pubmed, Scielo y Google Scholar. Se garantizó exhaustividad, reproducibilidad y calidad metodológica. Se estimó la media de salud física y mental del SF-36 con su intervalo de confianza del 95% mediante un meta-análisis de efectos aleatorios.
Resultados: se identificaron 21.683 investigaciones de las cuales 63 cumplieron el protocolo e incluyeron 32.107 gestantes. Los estudios aplicaron 20 escalas de CVRS siendo más frecuente el uso del SF-36, SF-12 y WHOQOLBREF. Los estudios analizaron el perfil de CVRS de la gestante y su relación con otras variables como depresión, ansiedad, estrés, calidad del sueño, actividad física, salud oral, diabetes e HTA. En 17 estudios con 7.849 gestantes sanas que aplicaron el SF-36 o SF-12, el puntaje de CVRS en el componente físico fue 52,7 (IC95%=52,4-53,0) y el mental 54,1 (IC95%=53,8-54,4).
Conclusión: los estudios sobre CVRS en gestantes se concentran en pocos países, con estudios que exploran su correlación con comorbilidades o sintomatologías de salud mental. Se dispone de múltiples escalas siendo más utilizada la SF-36, según esta escala la gestación afecta la CVRS tanto en el componente físico como en el mental.
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