El sector externo Colombiano: retrovisión y perspectivas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n17a10367Abstract
Resumen
En este artículo se hace un examen general de la evolución comercial y financiera externa colombiana en el decenio 1974-1984 y de su relación con las políticas económicas de los tres últimos gobiernos (gobierno de Alfonso López Michelsen: 1974-1978; gobierno de Julio César Turbay Ayala: 1978-1982; gobierno de Belisario Betancur Cuartas: 1982 - hasta el presente), con el propósito de explicar el origen y las características de la crisis del sector externo colombiano iniciada a
mediados de 1980 y que subsiste en la actualidad (junio de 1985). Esta crisis ha tenido causas externas (debilitamiento del mercado mundial del café y dificultades del mercado internacional de capitales) pero, también, una causa doméstica: las inadecuadas políticas económicas de los tres últimos gobiernos. En varias ocasiones éstos han tomado políticas claramente contrarias a la estabilización del sector externo, han dejado de tomar medidas anti-cíclicas, o han adoptado las medidas indicadas pero en dosis equivocadas o de manera tardía. De todas formas, y por razones diferentes a medidas coyunturales del Estado, el sector externo colombiano presenta una perspectiva favorable para el período 1986-1990. De este análisis el autor extrae algunas lecciones sobre el tipo de intervenciones estatales en el frente externo de la economía colombiana que deberían adoptarse en el futuro próximo.
Abstract
In this article, an overall review is made of Colombian’s foreign commercial and financial evolution, in relation to the economic policies of the last three governments (Alfonso Lopez Michelsen s: 1974-1978, Julio César Turbay Ayala's: 1978-1982, and Belisario Betancur Cuartas up to the presente), with a view to explaining the origin and characteristics of the crisis which began in its external! sector in mid 1980 and subsists today (June 1985). Although this crisis involved external causes (wakening of the world coffee market and difficulties in the international money market], there has also been a domestic cause, namely, the inadequate economic policies of the last three governments on various occasions, they have adopted measures e/early contrary to the stability of the foreign sector, have failed to take anticiclical measures or when having taken the correct measures, these have been lacking or too late. Nevertheless, and due to conditions not related with government's recent measures, Colombia’s external sector presents a promising outlook for the period: 1986-1990. Based on this reasoning, the author shows some of the lessons, to be learned, on the kind of government intervention that should be adopted in the near future, for Colombia’s foreign economic front.
Palabras claves: Crisis del sector externo colombiano, evolución comercial externa colombiana.
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