The long-run fall in the prices of hard drugs: an explanation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n83a03Keywords:
drug trafficking, delinquent networks, illegal markets, game theory, social networks, law enforcement.Abstract
The goal of this research is to advance in the comprehension of illicit hard drug markets and to explain the long-run fall exhibited by the prices of hard drugs during the last three decades. Following Poret and Téjedo’s (2006) approach, an analytical model was developed to understand the performance of hard drug markets taking into account the influence of the drug trafficking and distribution networks that support them. This represents a contribution in the field of crime economics and, in particular, in the line of research pertaining to the economic theory of illegal goods. The model proves some key results about the functioning of illegal markets. Among them, that the expansion and densification of drug trafficking and distribution networks are powerful forces that explain to some extent the long-run fall in hard drug prices.
Downloads
References
Baker, Wayne y Faulkner, Robert (1993). “The Social Organization of Conspiracy: Illegal Networks in the Heavy Electrical Equipment Industry”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 58, No 6, pp. 837-860.
Ballester, Coralio; Calvó-Armengol, Antoni y Zenou, Yves (2006). “Who’s Who in Networks. Wanted: The Key Player”, Econometrica, Vol. 74, No 5, pp. 1403-1417.
Ballester, Coralio; Calvó-Armengol, Antoni y Zenou, Yves (2009). “Delinquent Networks”, IZA Discussion Paper Series, No 4122. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
Becker, Gary; Murphy, Kevin y Grossman, Michael (2006). “The Market for Illegal Goods: The Case of Drugs”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 114, No 1, pp. 38-60.
Burrus, Robert (1999). “Do Efforts to Reduce the Supply of Illicit Drugs Increase Turf War Violence? A Theoretical Analysis”, Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 23, No 3, pp. 226– 234.
Calderoni, Francesco (2011). Strategic Positioning in Mafia Networks. Recuperado de: http://www.erdr.org/textes/calderoni.pdf (agosto 4 de 2013).
Calvó-Armengol, Antoni y Zenou, Yves (2004). “Social Networks and Crime Decisions: The Role of Social Structure in Facilitating Delinquent Behavior”, International Economic Review, Vol. 45, No 3, pp. 939-958.
Caulkins, Jonathan y Reuter, Peter (2010). “How Drug Enforcement Affects Drug Prices?”, Crime and Justice, Vol. 39, No 1, pp. 213-271.
Costa Storti, Claudia y De Grauwe, Paul (2008). “Modelling the Cocaine and Heroin Markets in the Era of Globalization and Drug Reduction Policies”, CESifo Venice Summer Institute, 14-15 July 2008. Disponible en: https://www.cesifo-group.de/portal/pls/portal/!PORTAL.wwpob_page.show?_docname=1054118.PDF (enero 3 de 2011).
Costa Storti, Claudia y De Grauwe, Paul (2009) “The Cocaine and Heroin Markets in the Era of Globalization and Drug Reduction Policies”, International Journal of Drug Policy, Vol. 20, No 6, pp. 488-496.
Fries, Arthur; Anthony, Robert; Cseko, Andrew Jr.; Gaither, Carl y Schulman, Eric (2008). “The Price and Purity of Illicit Drugs: 1981-2007”, IDA Paper P-4369. Institute for Defense Analyses. Recuperado de: http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/ondcp/policy-and-research/bullet_1.pdf (agosto 3 de 2013).
Granovetter, Mark (1973). “The Strenght of Weak Ties”, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78, No 6, pp. 1360-1380.
Hagedorn, John. (1988). People and Folks: Gangs, Crime and the Underclass in a Rustbelt City. Chicago: Lake View Press.
Jackson, Matthew (2008). Social and Economic Networks. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Miron, Jeffrey (2003). “The Effect of Drug Prohibition on Drug Prices: Evidence from de Market for Cocaine and Heroin”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 85, Issue 3, pp. 522-530.
Morselli, Carlo (2009). “Hells Angels in Springtime”, Trends in Organized Crime, Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 145-158.
Morselli, Carlo (2010). “Assessing Vulnerable and Strategic Positions in a Criminal Network”, Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 26, Issue 4, pp. 382 -392.
Ortiz, Carlos. H. (2009). “The War on Drugs is Counterproductive, Once Again”, Revista Lecturas de Economía, No 71, pp. 19-42.
Padilla, Félix (1992). The Gang as an American Enterprise. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Poret, Sylvaine (2002). “Paradoxical Effects of Law Enforcement Policies: The Case of the Illicit Drug Market”, International Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 22, No 4, pp. 465-493.
Poret, Sylvaine (2009). “An optimal anti-drug law enforcement policy”, International Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 29, No 3, pp. 221–228.
Poret, Sylvaine y Téjédo, Cyril (2006). “Law Enforcement and Concentration in Illicit Drug Markets”, European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 22, No 1, pp. 99-114.
Raffo, Leonardo (2010). “Narcotráfico y conflicto: Por qué bajó el precio de la cocaína”, Revista de Economía Institucional, Vol. 12, No 23, pp. 229-258.
Silva de Sousa, R. (2004). “Narcotráfico y economía ilícita: las redes del crimen organizado en Río de Janeiro”, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, Vol. 66, No. 1, pp.141-164.
Sutherland, Edwin H. (1947). Principles of Criminology (4th Ed.). Chicago: J. B. Lippincott.
Thornberry, Terence P.; Krohn, Marvin, D.; Lizotte, Alan, J. y Chard-Wierschem, Deborah, C. (1993). “The Role of Juvenile Gangs in Facilitating Delinquent Behavior”, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 30, pp. 55-87.
UNODC (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 y 2013). World Drug Report, New York. Recuperado de: https://www.unodc.org/wdr2014/en/previous-reports.html (julio 3 de 2013).
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This page, by Universidad de Antioquia, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License allowing others to share it as long as they acknowledge its authorship and original publication in this journal.
Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), provided that these arrangements be not for profit and the journal be acknowledged as the original source of publication.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their papers online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their websites), as it can lead to valuable exchanges as well as greater citation of the published work.