Una evaluación de las políticas promocionales de inversión extranjera directa en América Latina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n71a4817Abstract
En las últimas dos décadas la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) ha ganado importancia en las diferentes economías de América Latina. En este artículo se pretende mostrar que esta importancia se debe a la mayor estabilidad macroeconómica y la liberalización y flexibilización de los marcos regulatorios de los países de la región. Así, este artículo, mediante un modelo de datos de panel, encontró que las medidas implementadas para atraer IED en América Latina han presentado un impacto positivo, porque permiten el mayor ingreso de recursos. De otro lado, el modelo también permite constatar la importancia de otros factores como la estabilidad macroeconómica y el tamaño del mercado, los cuales también explican un buen porcentaje de estos flujos.
Palabras claves: Inversión Extranjera Directa, estabilidad macroeconómica, marco regulatorio, políticas promocionales. Clasificación JEL: F21, F23, F40.
Abstract:
In the past two decades, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has gained importance in Latin American economies. This is because, as this article intends to demonstrate, increasingly sounder macro-economic stability and the fact that the region's countries have opened and flexibilized their regulatory frameworks. In this manner, and through a model of data from panels, this article finds that the measures implemented in Latin America to attract FDI have enabled a larger inflow of resources. On another front, the model also ascertains the importance of other factors such as macroeconomic stability and the size of the market, which also explain a good percentage of these flows.
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Macro-economic Stability, Regulatory Frameworks, Promotional Policies. JEL Classification: F21, F23, F40.
Résumé :
Dans les deux dernières décennies l'Investissement Étranger Direct (IED) a gagné du terrain en Amérique latine. Dans cet article nous montrons que ce regain dans les niveaux de l'IED est dû à la plus grande stabilité macro-économique, à la libéralisation et à l'assouplissement de la régulation économique des pays. À travers modèle de données de panneau nous montrons, d'une part, que les politiques économique mises en oeuvre pour attirer l'IED en Amérique latine ont eu un impact positif sur les économies car elles permettent l'entrée d'une plus grande quantité de ressources. D'un autre parte, le modèle permet aussi de constater les niveaux d''importance d'autres facteurs comme la stabilité macro-économique et la taille du marché, lesquels expliquent un pourcentage assez considérables de l'IED.
Mots clé: Investissement étranger direct, stabilité macro-économique, régulation, politiques promotionnelles. Classification JEL : F21, F23, F40.
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