Desarrollo de concretos de bajo impacto ambiental a partir de residuos sílico-aluminosos activados alcalinamente del sector minero
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rcm.342051Palabras clave:
mortero, concreto, activación alcalina, residuos de minería, gel (N,C-A-S-H)Resumen
Los residuos mineros (RM) generan grandes problemas ambientales debido a la alta y progresiva explotación de minerales y su consecuente disposición. La activación alcalina es un método utilizado para la fabricación de materiales de construcción, usando los residuos como materiales cementantes. En esta investigación se desarrollaron concretos a partir de RM activados alcalinamente. Los residuos de minería de carbón (arenosos-RC y arcillosos-RCd) y de minería aurífera de veta (colas de flotación-CF), fueron activados mediante una mezcla de solución NaOH y Na2SiO3. Inicialmente se fabricaron morteros activados alcalinamente, utilizando los RM molidos y/o con granulometría original y sustituciones parciales por cemento Pórtland tipo I del 10 y el 20% como co-aglutinante para los residuos molidos como precursores. Debido a que las CF molidas con 20% de sustitución parcial por cemento, no alcanzaron la resistencia del mortero y del concreto de referencia (mejor resistencia a la compresión a los 28 días de fraguado), se prepararon dos condiciones más. El diseño de mezcla de las CF molidas con 30% de cemento superó la resistencia a la compresión del mortero de referencia. Por lo tanto, se utilizó para fabricar concretos activados alcalinamente, los cuales también superaron la resistencia del concreto de referencia a los 28 días de fraguado con 25,3 MPa y con un porcentaje de reducción de emisiones del 29,04%.
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