Efectos del entrenamiento de estabilidad central en el rendimiento físico de futbolistas: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis
Palabras clave:
agilidad, entrenamiento de estabilidad central, estrategias de entrenamiento, futbolistas, rendimiento físicoResumen
Para mantener niveles óptimos de rendimiento físico, los futbolistas deben utilizar diversas estrategias de entrenamiento, como las cargas externas, la pliometría y las sesiones de velocidad. A pesar de la relevancia de estas prácticas, los estudios previos sobre el impacto del entrenamiento de estabilidad central (EEC) en el rendimiento físico de los futbolistas han dado resultados contradictorios. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar los efectos del entrenamiento de estabilidad central en el rendimiento físico de los futbolistas. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de ensayos en PubMed, Bireme, Scopus y WOS hasta noviembre de 2023, siguiendo las directrices del Manual Cochrane y las normas PRISMA. Dos evaluadores seleccionaron estudios de forma independiente y, en caso de desacuerdo, un tercero resolvió la discrepancia. Se empleó la escala ROB2 para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo, y se abordó el sesgo de publicación mediante diagramas de embudo y la regresión de Egger. Por otro lado, la calidad se evaluó mediante las listas de verificación SIGN y CONSORT. Los datos se analizaron en RevMan-Web mediante metaanálisis de efectos fijos, evaluando la heterogeneidad con I², chi² y gráficos de Galbraith. Finalmente, la certeza de la evidencia se determinó mediante el enfoque GRADE. De los 2984 registros, se seleccionaron 37 estudios con 1174 futbolistas de entre 9 y 30 años. El entrenamiento de estabilidad central mejoró el salto vertical en 1,66 cm (IC del 95 %: 0,53, 2,79) y también mejoró las pruebas de agilidad, como el T-drill (-0,71 s [IC del 95 %: -1,27, -0,14]) y el Illinois (-0,56 s [IC del 95 %: -1,05, -0,06]). No se observaron mejoras significativas en los tiempos de sprint de 30 (-0,04 s [IC del 95 %: -0,14, 0,06]) y 20 m (-0,05 s [IC del 95 %: -0,11, 0,01]). Este metaanálisis es pionero en analizar los efectos del entrenamiento de estabilidad central en futbolistas y sus hallazgos son coherentes con los estudios previos realizados con adultos sanos y otros atletas. Aunque la significancia clínica es modesta, es crucial tener en cuenta que, en el deporte, incluso pequeñas diferencias pueden ser decisivas. Los fisioterapeutas deportivos y preparadores físicos pueden utilizar el entrenamiento de estabilidad central para mejorar el rendimiento físico en términos de salto y agilidad de los futbolistas, pero no su velocidad de carrera.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Sebastián Rodríguez-Jaime, Edgar Debray Hernández-Álvarez, Catalina León-Prieto
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
