Cómo romper el círculo vicioso de desigualdad e improductividad: Revisión de la evidencia internacional

Eduardo Lora

doi:10.17533/udea.le.n102a354958

Autores/as

Eduardo Lora Fedesarrollo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-1941

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n102a354958

Palabras clave:

distribución del ingreso, Productividad Total de los Factores, Formación, política fiscal, inclusión financiera, competencia

Resumen

La desigualdad y la baja productividad están correlacionadas estadísticamente en Colombia y en el mundo, sugiriendo la existencia de un círculo vicioso entre ambos problemas. Con ese contexto, este artículo reseña la teoría y la evidencia empírica internacional con el objeto de identificar las posibles causas comunes de ambos fenómenos. El artículo se concentra en las variables de política que tienen efectos más robustos en la distribución del ingreso y la productividad en los países en desarrollo, a saber: primero, la formación temprana de capacidades cognitivas y no cognitivas; segundo, las políticas fiscales enfocadas en los impuestos directos y las transferencias focalizadas; tercero, la inclusión financiera y, cuarto, las políticas de competencia. Con esta base, se proponen estrategias para romper el círculo vicioso de desigualdad e improductividad en Colombia.

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Biografía del autor/a

Eduardo Lora, Fedesarrollo

investigador asociado de Fedesarrollo, Bogotá, Colombia

Citas

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