Cepas nativas tolerantes a metales pesados aislados del pasivo minero de la mina Hualilán, Argentina

N. Hidalgo; P. Fernández; D. Bustos; M. Rosa; A. Senese

doi:10.17533/udea.rcm.n18a02

Authors

N. Hidalgo National University of San Juan
P. Fernández National Scientific and Technical Research Council
D. Bustos National University of San Juan
M. Rosa National University of San Juan
A. Senese National University of San Juan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rcm.n18a02

Keywords:

filamentous fungi, native strains, leaching piles, heavy metals

Abstract

Heavy-metal contamination is one of the most serious and complex environmental problems to be dealt with nowadays. Leaching piles from the mining industry are characterized by a high content of dissolved metals. In addition, they are considered to be a suitable habitat for the development of resistant microorganisms. Among such microorganisms are those native ones that are physiologically adapted to tolerate high concentrations of heavy metals and thus, are considered to be candidates for bioremediation processes. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this study was to isolate and select filamentous fungal strains with the potential to remove heavy metals. Samples of leaching piles were drawn from Hualilan Mine in the province of San Juan (Argentina). Isolation of filamentous fungi was carried out in a Sabouraud-glucose-agar medium with antibiotics, the fungi being identified by using molecular biology techniques (amplification and sequencing of the fragment ADNr 18S y 26S, ITS1, ADNr 5.8S e ITS2). Tolerance to Cu (II) y Pb (II) was studied in plates with PDA medium with concentrations between 25 and 800 ppm of each metal. Incubation conditions were at 28° C during a period of total development of the fungi and compared with a control plate (without metal) by measuring growth diameters. A statistical analysis was carried out through variance analysis and Duncan means comparison test, with the ANOVA multifactor statistical software under a completely randomized experimental design with 2x6x1 factorial arrangement, a Petri dish as an experimental unit, and three repetitions. As a result, three strains were isolated, namely, Penicillium simplicissimum, Fusarium sp and Penicillium funiculosum. The fungi identified show tolerances to different concentrations of metal solutions, the most tolerant strain being Penicillium simplicissimum.

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Author Biographies

N. Hidalgo, National University of San Juan

Master, Mining Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, National University of San Juan, Argentina.

P. Fernández, National Scientific and Technical Research Council

Dr., Pilot Plant for Microbiological Industrial Processes (PROIMI), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET).

D. Bustos, National University of San Juan

Dr., Institute of Basic Sciences, National University of San Juan, Argentina.

M. Rosa, National University of San Juan

Dr., Institute of Basic Sciences, National University of San Juan, Argentina.

A. Senese, National University of San Juan

Master, Mining Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, National University of San Juan, Argentina.

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