Ejercicio terapéutico para mitigar el dolor por hiperlaxitud ligamentaria en embarazadas: revisión de literatura
Palabras clave:
dolor pélvico, embarazo, ejercicio terapéutico, estabilización lumbar, fisioterapia, hiperlaxitud ligamentariaResumen
Aunque el dolor provocado por la hiperlaxitud ligamentaria, asociado a la influencia de la relaxina y otras hormonas, afecta a la calidad de vida de muchas mujeres durante el embarazo, un periodo en el que se experimentan cambios sustanciales en la fisiología, la morfología y los sistemas hormonales, no hay suficiente información disponible para tratarlo. Este estudio analiza la efectividad del ejercicio terapéutico para mitigar el dolor lumbar y pélvico, así como para tratar las complicaciones asociadas en mujeres embarazadas. Para ello, se realizaron búsquedas bibliográficas en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect y Scielo, con publicaciones entre 2018 y 2023. La ecuación de búsqueda fue: Joint instability AND pregnancy AND pelvic girdle pain AND exercise. Se encontraron 456 artículos de los cuales se incluyeron 8 en la revisión, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La revisión bibliográfica destaca que el dolor lumbopélvico postparto es común, está asociado a la debilidad de ciertos músculos, y puede afectar a la calidad de vida de la madre, la crianza del bebé y la economía familiar. Se hace hincapié en la estrecha relación entre este dolor y la debilidad de los músculos extensores de la cadera, los músculos del suelo pélvico y los músculos transversos abdominales. Para mejorar el dolor y la calidad de vida postparto se recomiendan ejercicios de estabilización y Pilates. Este dolor es el objetivo principal del tratamiento. El ejercicio terapéutico contribuye a disminuirlo. Los más importantes son los ejercicios de estabilización lumbar y los de fortalecimiento de los músculos del suelo pélvico, que han demostrado reducir significativamente el dolor en mujeres embarazadas.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Teresa Mercedes Chaverra Mena, Silvia Patricia Betancur Bedoya, Angie Estefanía Mesa Burbano
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
