El Virus de la Tristeza de los Cítricos: : Una revisión crítica de su biología, transmisión y control en la industria citrícola

Ingrid Verónica Verano Téllez; Ligia Consuelo Sánchez Leal

doi:10.17533/udea.hm.v15n2a04

Authors

Ingrid Verónica Verano Téllez Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9304-5164
Ligia Consuelo Sánchez Leal Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.hm.v15n2a04

Keywords:

America, citrus, Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV), biological control, vectors

Abstract

Introduction: The Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) is one of the main threats to citrus production world-wide. It belongs to the family Closteroviridae and the genus Closterovirus. It is spread by contaminated grafts and aphids, with Toxoptera citricida being th e most efficient transmitter. In Citrus aurantium, it causes a progressive deterioration, chlorosis, and death. It also generates deformations in the stem of certain varieties. Since the nineteenth century, it has led to the destruction of millions of trees. Objective: To provide an analysis on the biology, transmission and biological control methods of the Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV), and evaluate the biological control, plant quarantine and vector management strategies to mitigate their impact on the citrus industry. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in the ScienceDirect, Scielo, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Articles published between 2000 and 2023 in Spanish and English were included. Keywords related to the biology, transmission and biological control of the CTV were used for the search, including terms such as. Results: The use of entomopathogenic fungi and plant quarantine, is emerging as a biological control promising strategy to mitigate the impact of CTV. Traditional methods such as chemical insect control and eradication of infected trees have proved insufficient to halt the spread of the virus and pose environmental risks with implications for human health. This emphasizes the importance of focusing efforts on the diagnosis and management of the main vectors responsible for the spread of the virus.

Conclusion: Biological control, using entomopathogenic fungi and other advanced strategies, represents a sustainable and effective alternative for managing CTV. However, its success depends on environmental factors and its compatibility with other control methods. To ensure its effectiveness and minimize ecological risks, continuous monitoring and a comprehensive approach that balances benefits and challenges are essential, thus promoting safer and more sustainable agriculture.

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