Cannabinoides no psicoactivos en cáncer: estudios in vivo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.hm.v11n1a04Palavras-chave:
cannabinoides, cannabidiol, inmunomodulación, ensayos in-vivo cáncerResumo
El cannabis alberga gran cantidad de compuestos con características de importancia en diversos procesos que incluyen los industriales, recreativos y medicinales. Los compuestos más abundantes en estas plantas son los cannabinoides, siendo los más importantes y estudiados el tetrahidrocannabinol (THC), un compuesto que a pesar de que se le han descrito múltiples propiedades medicinales y potencial terapéutico, su uso se ha visto limitado debido a sus efectos psicoactivos; y el cannabidiol (CBD) que se diferencia del anterior porque no presenta esta propiedad. Este último ha cobrado importancia por sus propiedades para tratar algunas enfermedades como el cáncer gracias a su efecto pro-apotótico, anti-proliferativo y anti-angiogénico. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo describir los mecanismos inmunomoduladores asociados a los cannabinoides no psicoactivos en modelos in vivo de diferentes tipos de cáncer como: glioblastoma, cáncer de seno, cáncer de pulmón, cáncer colorrectal y melanoma. Entre los hallazgos obtenidos en diferentes trabajos se destaca la capacidad de este compuesto, en combinación con otros fármacos antineoplásicos, de inducir apoptosis e inhibir la metástasis mediante la regulación de ciertas moléculas como CD31, Id-1, caspasas 3 y 9, y metaloproteinasas, entre otras. A pesar de que estos compuestos son vistos como prometedores fármacos, hacen falta más estudios que evalúen los mecanismos inmunomoduladores de los cannabinoides no psicoactivos, debido a que evidencias previas solo han descrito sus propiedades in vitro, por lo tanto, hace falta ahondar un poco más en el estudio de modelos in vivo, para un posible uso posterior en ensayos clínicos, y de esta forma ser considerados como verdaderos agentes terapéuticos.
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