La medición de la pobreza: una discusión metodológica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n22a7931Abstract
• Resumen: En este trabajo se presentan, inicialmente, tres índices de pobreza construidos ordenadamente bajo la perspectiva metodológica de que cada uno retiene las propiedades teóricas del anterior y supera alguna falla importante del mismo. El primer índice (P1) tiene en cuenta el porcentaje de los pobres para una línea de pobreza elegida. El segundo, (P2) es sensible, además, a las pequeñas mejoras que se produzcan en el ingreso de los pobres. El tercero, (P3) detecta cuándo las transferencias del ingreso favorecen a los de más bajo nivel. Finalmente, se presenta otro índice equivalente en algunos aspectos al tercero (P3), que tiene notable interés en esta teoría. La elección de una medida apropiada de la pobreza, si bien es cierto no es ni remotamente la solución del problema, si es un paso adelante: un reto para los gobernantes, una forma para dilucidar avances y retrocesos.
• Abstract: This article starts by presenting three related indices of poverty constructed under the condition that each retains the theoretical properties of those prior but introduces important new elements. The first index (P1) accounts simply for the number of people below a given poverty line. The second (P2) is not just sensitive to this but also to increases in the income of the poor which are not sufficient to remove them from poverty. The third (P3) includes the additional property that improvements in the income of the poorest of the poor receive more weight than the same improvement in the better off the poor. A variant of P3 of considerable theoretical interest is also discussed. The choice of an appropriate measure of poverty is not a solution to the problem but an important step forward in that it serves as an indicator of advances.
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