Retos actuales y futuros en implantes de rodilla y cadera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rcm.n16a02Palavras-chave:
artroplastia de rodilla, artroplastia de cadera, prótesis ortopédicas, impresión 3D, manufactura aditiva, funcionalización de superficies, auto-lubricantesResumo
En este trabajo se realizó un análisis de la artroplastia de rodilla y de cadera con el fin de identificar los avances más recientes en estos tópicos, así como los retos y perspectivas futuras que se presentan tanto en el ámbito quirúrgico como en el desarrollo de los reemplazos articulares y sus materiales. México cuenta con una gran experiencia clínica en la colocación de prótesis para reemplazo articular de rodilla, cadera, hombro, mano, y tobillo. Asimismo, la experiencia clínica en la colocación de implantes maxilo- y craneo-faciales es extensa. Sin embargo, el resultado del Simposio Nacional - Prótesis ortopédicas: Estatus actual en México (https://protesismexico.com/) mostró que hay una necesidad imperante de diseñar y fabricar implantes que se adapten a la población mexicana, buscando la personalización. Por su parte, en México, la investigación de los materiales para implantes ortopédicos se encuentran en un estado incipiente, pero con perspectivas muy prometedoras en diseño y manufactura aditiva de componentes personalizados, así como sistemas auto-lubricantes que prometen mejores resultados en comparación con sistemas actualmente ofertados en el mercado. El desarrollo de materiales como polímeros de alto peso molecular modificados con nanotubos de carbón o grafeno, así como superficies funcionalizadas con recubrimientos a base de carbón y compuestos tipo diamante, que presentan características auto-lubricantes, podrían incrementar la durabilidad de los implantes, mejorando la calidad de vida para los pacientes.
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