Efectos de la leptina en el inicio de la pubertad en animales machos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.324260Keywords:
bovine steroidogenesis, estrogen production, gonadotropic hormone, gonadotropin receptor, testosterone productionAbstract
Summary
The leptin is a 16 KDa hormone principally produced by the adipose tissue, codified by the ob gene and composed by 146 amino acids. This hormone carries out its functions at peripheral levels and in the hypothalamic- hypophysis - gonadal axis. In several species the effect of this hormone on reproduction and their concentration and expression changes might be associated with the onset of puberty in different animal species and in human beings. The role of leptin in male reproduction has been studied especially in rats, mice, human beings, and other animal species. Leptin receptor and mRNA expression has been found in Leydig cells, seminiferous tubules, spermatogonies, spermatozoa, among other cells, indicating that leptin could have an important role in testicular function. An inhibitory effect of testosterone on leptin secretion has been found and vice versa, which indicates that leptin can regulate testicular steroidogenesis. Leptin can also act in non differentiated cells of the testis, promoting spermiogenesis. Then, leptin appears to be an important hormone probably involved in vital functions of the male neuroendocrine and reproductive axis.
Downloads
References
Agarwal SK, Vogel K, Weitsman SR, Magoffin DA. Leptin antagonizes the insulin-like growth factor-I augmentation of.steroidogenesis.in.granulosa.and.theca.cells.of.the.human.ovary. J. Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.1999;.84:1072-1076 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.84.3.1072
..Aguilar.E,.Pinilla.L,.Guisado.R,.González.D,.López.F ..Relation between body weight, growth rate, chronological age.and.puberty.in.male.and.female.rats. Rev.Esp.Fisiol.1984;.40:.83-86 .
..Ahima.RS.Flier.JS ..Adipose.tissue.as.an.endocrine.organ. Trends.Endocrinol.Metab.2000;.11:327-332 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-2760(00)00301-5
..Ahima.RS.Hileman.SM .. Postnatal.regulation.of .hypothalamic.neuropeptide. expression. by . leptin:. implications. for. energy.balance and body weight regulation. Regul.Pept.2000;.92:1-7 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-0115(00)00142-7
..Ahima.RS,.Saper.CB,.Flier.JS,.Elmquist.JK ..Leptin.regulation.of.neuroendocrine.systems. Front.Neuroendocrinol.2000;.21:263-307 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/frne.2000.0197
Amann RP. Endocrine changes associated with onsetEndocrine changes associated with onset of.spermatogenesis.in.holstein.bulls. J. Dairy.Sci.1983;.66:2606-2622 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(83)82135-3
..Aquila.S,.Gentile.M,.Middea.E,.Catalano.S,.Morelli.C, et al.. Leptin.secretion.by.human.ejaculated.spermatozoa. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2005;.90:4753-4761 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-2233
..Barash.IA,.Cheung.CC,.Weigle.DS,.Ren.H,.Kabigting.EB, et al.. Leptin.is.a. metabolic.signal.to.the.reproductive.system. Endocrinology.1996;.137:3144-3147 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.137.7.8770941
..Barb.CR,.Barrett.JB,.Kraeling.RR ..Role.of.leptin.in.modulating.the.hypothalamic-pituitary.axis.and.luteinizing.hormone.secretion.in.the.prepuberal.gilt. Domest.Anim.Endocrinol.2004;.26:201-214 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2003.10.004
Barb CR, Barrett JB, Kraeling RR, Rampacek GB. Serum.leptin.concentrations,.luteinizing.hormone.and.growth hormone secretion during feed and metabolic fuel restriction.in.the.prepuberal.gilt. Domest.Anim.Endocrinol.2001;.20:47-63 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-7240(00)00088-6
..Barb.CR,.Hausman.GJ,.Czaja.K ..Leptin:.a. metabolic.signal.affecting.central.regulation.of.reproduction.in.the.pig. Domest.Anim.Endocrinol.2005;.29:186-192 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.02.024
Barb CR, Hausman GJ, Houseknecht KL. Biology of leptin in.the.pig. Domest.Anim.Endocrinol.2001;.21:297-317 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-7240(01)00123-0
..Barb.CR.Kraeling.RR ..Role.of.leptin.in.the.regulation.of.gonadotropin.secretion.in.farm.animals. Anim.Reprod.Sci.2004;.82-83:155-167 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.032
..Bartha.T,.Sayed-Ahmed.A,.Rudas.P .. Expression.of.leptin.and.its.receptors.in.various.tissues.of.ruminants. Domest.Anim.Endocrinol.2005;.29:193-202 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.03.010
Bhat GK, Sea TL, Olatinwo MO, Simorangkir D, Ford GD, et al. Influence of a leptin deficiency on testicular morphology,.germ.cell.apoptosis,.and.expression.levels.of.apoptosis-related.genes.in.the.mouse. J. Androl.2006;.27:302-310 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.05133
Bjorbaek C Kahn BB. Leptin signaling in the central nervous.system.and.the.periphery. Recent.Prog.Horm.Res.2004;.59:305-331 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/rp.59.1.305
Brannian JD, Zhao Y, McElroy M. Leptin inhibits gonadotrophin-stimulated.granulosa.cell.progesterone.production.by.antagonizing.insulin.action. Hum.Reprod.1999;.14:1445-1448 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/14.6.1445
Bronson FH. Puberty in female mice is not associated with increases.in.either.body.fat.or.leptin. Endocrinology.2001;.142:4758-4761 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/en.142.11.4758
..Buff.PR,.Dodds.AC,.Morrison.CD,.Whitley.NC,.McFadin.EL, et al.. Leptin.in.horses:.tissue.localization.and.relationship between peripheral concentrations of leptin and.body.condition. J. Anim.Sci.2002;.80:2942-2948 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/2002.80112942x
..Caprio.M,.Fabbrini.E,.Isidori.AM,.Aversa.A,.Fabbri.A ..Leptin.in.reproduction. Trends.Endocrinol.Metab.2001;.12:65-72 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-2760(00)00352-0
..Caprio.M,.Fabbrini.E,.Ricci.G,.Basciani.S,.Gnessi.L, et al.. Ontogenesis.of.leptin.receptor.in.rat.Leydig.cells. Biol.Reprod.2003;.68:1199-1207 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.102.007831
..Caprio.M,.Isidori.AM,.Carta.AR,.Moretti.C,.Dufau.ML, et al.. Expression.of.functional.leptin.receptors.in.rodent.Leydig.cells. Endocrinology.1999;.140:4939-4947 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/en.140.11.4939
Carbone S, Szwarcfarb B, Reynoso R, Bollero G, Ponzo O, et al..Leptin.stimulates.LH.secretion.in .peripubertal.male.rats.through.NMDA.receptors. Endocrinol.Res.2005;.31:387-396 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800500458032
..Chehab.FF,.Lim.ME,.Lu.R .. Correction.of .the.sterility.defect.in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human.recombinant.leptin. Nat.Genet.1996;.12:318-320 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0396-318
..Cheung.CC,.Thornton.JE,.Kuijper.JL,.Weigle.DS,.Clifton.DK, et al..Leptin.is .a.metabolic.gate.for.the.onset.of .puberty.in .the.female.rat. Endocrinology.1997;.138:855-858 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.138.2.5054
..Cheung.CC,.Thornton.JE,.Nurani.SD,.Clifton.DK,.Steiner.RA ..A.reassessment.of.leptin’s.role.in.triggering.the.onset.of.puberty.in.the.rat.and.mouse. Neuroendocrinology.2001;.74:12-21 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000054666
Cioffi JA, Shafer AW, Zupancic TJ, Smith-Gbur J, Mikhail A, et al.. Novel.B219/OB.receptor.isoforms:.possible.role.of.leptin.in.hematopoiesis.and.reproduction. Nat.Med.1996;.2:585-589 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0596-585
..Coppari.R,.Ichinose.M,.Lee.CE,.Pullen.AE,.Kenny.CD, et al. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: a key site for mediating.leptin’s.effects.on.glucose.homeostasis.and.locomotor.activity. Cell.Metab.2005;.1:63-72 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2004.12.004
Coulter GH Foote RH. Relationship of testicular weight to age.and.scrotal.circumference.of.holstein.bulls. J. Dairy.Sci.1976;.59:730-732 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(76)84265-8
..Coulter.GH.Foote.RH ..Bovine.testicular.measurements.as.indicators.of.reproductive.performance.and.their.relationship to productive traits in cattle: A review. Theriogenology.1979;.11:297-311 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(79)90072-4
..Cunningham.MJ,.Clifton.DK,.Steiner.RA ..Leptin’s.actions.on.the.reproductive.axis:.perspectives.and.mechanisms. Biol.Reprod.1999;.60:216-222 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod60.2.216
..Curtis.SK.Amann.RP ..Testicular.development.and.establishment.of.spermatogenesis.in.holstein.bulls. J. Anim.Sci.1981;.53:1645-1657 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1982.5361645x
..Dyer.CJ,.Simmons.JM,.Matteri.RL,.Keisler.DH ..Leptin.receptor mRNA is expressed in ewe anterior pituitary and.adipose.tissues.and.is.differentially.expressed.in.hypothalamic regions of well-fed and feed-restricted ewes. Domest.Anim.Endocrinol.1997;.14:119-128 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-7240(96)00119-1
El-Hefnawy T, Ioffe S, Dym M. Expression of the leptin receptor.during.germ.cell.development.in.the.mouse.testis. Endocrinology.2000;.141:2624-2630 .35 ..Fields.MJ,.Hentges.JF,.Jr .,. Cornelisse.KW ..Aspects.of.the.sexual.development.of.Brahman.versus.Angus.bulls.in.Florida. Theriogenology.1982;.18:17-31 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.141.7.7542
Garcia MR, Amstalden M, Williams SW, Stanko RL, Morrison. CD, et al.. Serum. leptin. and. its . adipose. gene.expression. during. pubertal. development,. the. estrous. cycle,.and. different. seasons. in . cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 2002;. 80:2158-2167 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ansci/80.8.2158
..Garcia-Mayor.RV,.Andrade.MA,.Rios.M,.Lage.M,.Dieguez.C, et al.. Serum.leptin.levels.in.normal.children:.relationship.to.age,.gender,.body.mass.index,.pituitary-gonadal.hormones,.and.pubertal.stage. J. Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.1997;.82:2849-2855 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.82.9.2849
Glander HJ, Lammert A, Paasch U, Glasow A, Kratzsch J. Leptin.exists.in.tubuli.seminiferi.and.in.seminal.plasma. Andrologia.2002;.34:227-233 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0272.2002.00501.x
Gurbuz B, Yalti S, Ficicioglu C, Tasdemir S. The relation of serum and follicular fluid leptin and ovarian steroid levels.in.response.to.induction.of.ovulation.in.in.vitro.fertilization.cycles. Eur.J. Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol.2005;.118:214-218 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.04.038
Hafez ESE Hafez B. Reproducción e inseminación artificial en animales. 7 ed. México: McGraw- Hill; 2000.
Halaas JL, Gajiwala KS, Maffei M, Cohen SL, Chait BT, et al..Weight-reducing.effects.of.the.plasma.protein.encoded.by.the.obese.gene. Science.1995;.269:543-546 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7624777
Horlick MB, Rosenbaum M, Nicolson M, Levine LS, Fedun.B, et al.. Effect.of.puberty.on.the.relationship.between circulating leptin and body composition. J. Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2000;.85:2509-2518 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.7.6689
.43. Houseknecht KL, Baile CA, Matteri RL, Spurlock ME. The biology of leptin: a review. J. Anim.Sci.1998;.76:1405-1420 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.7651405x
Houseknecht KL Portocarrero CP. Leptin and its receptors: regulators of whole-body energy homeostasis. Domest.Anim.Endocrinol.1998;.15:457-475 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-7240(98)00035-6
Hueston WD, Monke DR, Milburn RJ. Scrotal circumference.measurements.on.young.Holstein.bulls. J.Am.Vet.Med.Assoc.1988;.192:766-768
Ingvartsen KL Boisclair YR. Leptin and the regulation of food intake, energy homeostasis and immunity with special.focus.on.periparturient.ruminants. Domest.Anim.Endocrinol.2001;.21:215-250 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-7240(02)00119-4
Iqbal J, Pompolo S, Murakami T, Grouzmann E, Sakurai T, et al.. Immunohistochemical. characterization. of.localization. of . long-form. leptin. receptor. (OB-Rb). in.neurochemically defined cells in the ovine hypothalamus. Brain.Res.2001;.920:55-64 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02932-8
Jockenhovel F, Blum WF, Vogel E, Englaro P, Muller-Wieland.D, et al.. Testosterone.substitution.normalizes.elevated.serum.leptin.levels.in.hypogonadal.men. J. Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.1997;.82:2510-2513 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.82.8.2510
..Jope. T, . Lammert. A, . Kratzsch. J, . Paasch. U, . Glander. HJ ..Leptin. and. leptin. receptor. in . human. seminal. plasma. and.in .human.spermatozoa. Int.J.Androl.2003;.26:335-341 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2003.00434.x
..Kalra.SP .. Mandatory.neuropeptide-steroid.signaling.for.the.preovulatory.luteinizing.hormone-releasing.hormone.discharge. Endocr.Rev.1993;.14:507-538 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/er.14.5.507
..Karlsson.C,.Lindell.K,.Svensson.E,.Bergh.C,.Lind.P, et al.. Expression.of.functional.leptin.receptors.in.the.human.ovary. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.1997;.82:4144-4148 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.82.12.4144
Kaynard AH, Pau KY, Hess DL, Spies HG. Third-ventricular infusion of neuropeptide Y suppresses luteinizing hormone.secretion.in.ovariectomized.rhesus.macaques. Endocrinology.1990;.127:2437-2444 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-127-5-2437
Knights SA, Baker RL, Gianola D, Gibb JB. Estimates of .heritabilities.and.of .genetic.and.phenotypic.correlations among growth and reproductive traits in yearling.Angus.bulls. J.Anim.Sci.1984;.58:887-893 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1984.584887x
Knobil E Neill J. The physiology of reproduction. New York: Raven; 1988.
..Ladyman. SR. Grattan. DR ..Suppression. of . leptin.receptor.messenger.ribonucleic.acid.and.leptin.responsiveness.in .the.ventromedial.nucleus.of.the. hypothalamus. during. pregnancy. in . the. rat. Endocrinology.2005;.146:3868-3874 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-0194
..Lin.J,.Barb.CR,.Matteri.RL,.Kraeling.RR,.Chen.X, et al.. Long.form.leptin.receptor.mRNA. expression.in.the.brain,.pituitary,.and.other.tissues.in.the.pig. Domest.Anim.Endocrinol.2000;.19:53-61 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-7240(00)00064-3
Lin J, Richard Barb C, Kraeling RR, Rampacek GB. Developmental.changes.in.the.long.form.leptin.receptor.and.related.neuropeptide.gene.expression.in.the.pig.brain. Biol.Reprod.2001;.64:1614-1618 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod64.6.1614
Luukkaa V, Pesonen U, Huhtaniemi I, Lehtonen A, Tilvis R, et al. Inverse correlation between serum testosterone and.leptin.in.men. J. Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.1998;.83:3243-3246 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.83.9.3243
..Malven.PV,.Haglof.SA,.Degroot.H ..Effects.of.intracerebral.administration of neuropeptide-Y on secretion of luteinizing.hormone.in.ovariectomized.sheep. Brain.Res.Bull.1992;.28:871-875 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(92)90207-E
Matsuoka T, Tahara M, Yokoi T, Masumoto N, Takeda T, et al.. Tyrosine.phosphorylation.of.STAT3.by.leptin.through.leptin.receptor.in.mouse.metaphase.2. stage.oocyte. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.1999;.256:480-484 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.0365
..Morris.DL,.Tyner.CL,.Morris.PG,.Forgason.RL,.Forgason.JL, et al.. Correlation.of.scrotal.circumference.and.age.in.American.Brahman.bulls. Theriogenology.1989;.31:489-494 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(89)90553-0
Palmert MR, Radovick S, Boepple PA. The impact of reversible.gonadal.sex.steroid.suppression.on.serum.leptin.concentrations in children with central precocious puberty. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.1998;.83:1091-1096 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.83.4.1091
..Plant.TM.Durrant.AR ..Circulating.leptin.does.not.appear.to.provide.a.signal.for.triggering.the.initiation.of.puberty.in.the male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Endocrinology.1997;.138:4505-4508 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.138.10.5574
Ponzo OJ, Reynoso R, Rimoldi G, Rondina D, Szwarcfarb B, et al.. Leptin.stimulates.the.reproductive.male.axis.in.rats.during.sexual.maturation.by.acting.on.hypothalamic.excitatory.amino.acids. Exp.Clin.Endocrinol.Diabetes.2005;.113:135-138 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-837525
.. �ian.H,.Barb.CR,.Compton.MM,.Hausman.GJ,.Azain.MJ, et al.. Leptin.mRNA. expression.and.serum.leptin.concentrations as influenced by age, weight, and estradiol in.pigs. Domest.Anim.Endocrinol.1999;.16:135-143 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-7240(99)00004-1
Ruiz-Cortes ZT, Martel-Kennes Y, Gevry NY, Downey BR,.Palin.MF, et al.. Biphasic.effects.of.leptin.in.porcine.granulosa.cells. Biol.Reprod.2003;.68:789-796 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.102.010702
Ruiz-Cortes ZT, Men T, Palin MF, Downey BR, Lacroix DA, et al..Porcine.leptin.receptor:.molecular.structure.and.expression.in.the.ovary. Mol.Reprod.Dev.2000;.56:465-474 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2795(200008)56:4<465::AID-MRD4>3.3.CO;2-H
..Schneider.JE,.Zhou.D,.Blum.RM ..Leptin.and.metabolic.control.of.reproduction. Horm.Behav.2000;.37:306-326 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/hbeh.2000.1590
Smith BA, Brinks JS, Richardson GV. Relationships of sire.scrotal.circumference.to.offspring.reproduction.and.growth. J. Anim.Sci.1989;.67:2881-2885 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1989.67112881x
Smith GD, Jackson LM, Foster DL. Leptin regulation of reproductive.function.and.fertility. Theriogenology.2002;.57:73-86 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00658-6
..Spicer.LJ ..Leptin:.a. possible.metabolic.signal.affecting.reproduction. Domest.Anim.Endocrinol.2001;.21:251-270 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-7240(01)00120-5
..Spicer.LJ,.Chamberlain.CS,.Francisco.CC ..Ovarian.action.of leptin: effects on insulin-like growth factor-I-stimulated function.of.granulosa.and.thecal.cells. Endocrine.2000;.12:53-59 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/ENDO:12:1:53
..Spicer.LJ.Francisco.CC ..The.adipose.obese.gene.product,.leptin:.evidence.of.a.direct.inhibitory.role.in.ovarian.function. Endocrinology.1997;.138:3374-3379 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/en.138.8.3374
..Spicer.LJ.Francisco.CC ..Adipose.obese.gene.product,.leptin,.inhibits.bovine.ovarian.thecal.cell.steroidogenesis. Biol.Reprod.1998;.58:207-212 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod58.1.207
Stewart TS, Long CR, Cartwright TC. Characterization of cattle of a five-breed diallel. III. Puberty in bulls and heifers. J. Anim.Sci.1980;.50:808-820 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1980.505808x
..Sullivan.SD.Moenter.SM ..Gamma-aminobutyric.acid.neurons.integrate.and.rapidly.transmit.permissive.and.inhibitory.metabolic.cues.to.gonadotropin-releasing.hormone.neurons. Endocrinology.2004;.145:1194-1202 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-1374
..Tartaglia.LA ..The.leptin.receptor. J. Biol.Chem.1997;.272:6093-6096 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.10.6093
Tartaglia LA, Dembski M, Weng X, Deng N, Culpepper J, et al. Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor,.OB-R. Cell.1995;.83:1263-1271 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90151-5
..Tena-Sempere.M.Barreiro.ML ..Leptin.in.male.reproduction:.the.testis.paradigm. Mol.Cell.Endocrinol.2002;.188:9-13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00008-4
.80 ..Tena-Sempere.M,.Manna.PR,.Zhang.FP,.Pinilla.L,.Gonzalez.LC, et al.Molecular.mechanisms.of.leptin.action.in.adult.rat.testis:.potential.targets.for.leptin-induced.inhibition.of.steroidogenesis.and.pattern.of.leptin.receptor.messenger.ribonucleic.acid.expression. J. Endocrinol.2001;.170:413-423 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1700413
..Tena-Sempere.M,.Pinilla.L,.Gonzalez.LC,.Dieguez.C,.Casanueva.FF, et al.. Leptin.inhibits.testosterone.secretion.from.adult.rat.testis.in.vitro. J. Endocrinol.1999;.161:211-218 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1610211
..Tena-Sempere.M,.Pinilla.L,.Gonzalez.LC,.Navarro.J,.Dieguez.C, et al..In.vitro.pituitary.and.testicular.effects.of.the.leptin-related.synthetic.peptide.leptin(116-130).amide.involve.actions.both.similar.to.and.distinct.from.those.of.the.native.leptin.molecule.in.the.adult.rat. Eur.J. Endocrinol.2000;.142:406-410 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1420406
..Tena-Sempere.M,.Pinilla.L,.Zhang.FP,.Gonzalez.LC,.Huhtaniemi.I, et al..Developmental.and.hormonal.regulation.of . leptin. receptor. (Ob-R). messenger. ribonucleic. acid.expression.in .rat.testis. Biol.Reprod.2001;.64:634-643 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod64.2.634
Williams GL, Amstalden M, Garcia MR, Stanko RL, Nizielski SE, et al.. Leptin.and.its.role.in.the.central.regulation.of.reproduction.in.cattle. Domest.Anim.Endocrinol.2002;.23:.339-349 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-7240(02)00169-8
..Wolf.FR,.Almquist.JO,.Hale.EB ..Prepuberal.Behavior.and.Puberal.Characteristics.of.Beef.Bulls.on.High.Nutrient.Allowance. J. Anim.Sci.1965;.24:761-765 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1965.243761x
..Zamorano.PL,.Mahesh.VB,.De.Sevilla.LM,.Chorich.LP,.Bhat.GK, et al.. Expression.and.localization.of.the.leptin.receptor.in.endocrine.and.neuroendocrine.tissues.of.the.rat. Neuroendocrinology.1997;.65:223-228 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000127276
Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, et al.. Positional.cloning.of.the.mouse.obese.gene.and.its.human.homologue. Nature.1994;.372:425-432 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/372425a0
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors enable RCCP to reprint the material published in it.
The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions, and will allow the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
