Efectos de la leptina en el inicio de la pubertad en animales machos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.324260Palabras clave:
esteroidogénesis en bovinos, hormona gonadotrópica, producción de estrógenos, producción de testosterona, receptor de gonadotropinasResumen
La leptina es una hormona de 16 KDa producida principalmente por el tejido adiposo, codificada por el gen ob y compuesta por 146 aminoácidos. Cumple sus funciones en la periferia del organismo en el eje hipotálamo – hipófisis – gónadas. En varias especies se ha estudiado el efecto de esta hormona en la reproducción; los cambios en su concentración y en su expresión podrían estar asociados con el inicio de la pubertad en diferentes especies animales y en los humanos. El rol de la leptina en la reproducción del macho ha sido estudiado especialmente en ratas y ratones, pero también se han realizado investigaciones en humanos y otras especies animales. En las células de Leydig, en los túbulos seminíferos, las espermatogonias y los espermatozoides, entre otros tipos de células, hay expresión de los receptores y el RNAm de receptores de leptina, lo que indica que puede haber una función importante de la leptina en los testículos. En general, se ha hallado un efecto inhibitorio de la testosterona con la secreción de leptina y viceversa, lo cual indica que la leptina puede regular la esteroidogénesis en el testículo. La leptina también puede actuar en células no diferenciadas del testículo para permitir su diferenciación en espermatocitos y puede asistir a la célula a través de toda su diferenciación y maduración hacia espermátides. A través de todos estos resultados obtenidos, se observa a la leptina como una importante hormona que puede estar involucrada en funciones vitales del eje neuroendocrino y reproductivo del macho.
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