Diversidad genética de cuatro grupos de reproductores de tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) de Antioquia, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v32n3a05Palabras clave:
acuacultura, acuicultura, diversidad genética, manejo de reproductores, marcadores moleculares, pesca, pez, selección asistida, tilapiaResumen
Antecedentes: La tilapia es el pez más cultivado en Colombia; sin embargo, hay gran desconocimiento sobre la estructura genética actual de los reproductores. Objetivo: Analizar la diversidad y estructura genética de los reproductores de tres granjas de tilapia roja y una de tilapia Nilótica en Antioquia, Colombia. Métodos: Se utilizaron 24 microsatélites de 13 grupos de ligamiento amplificados en cinco reacciones múltiples. Se calcularon diferentes medidas de diversidad y se detectaron alelos nulos. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza molecular y uno de número de grupos para describir las relaciones entre las granjas de reproductores. Resultados: Dos marcadores no fueron amplificados y los 22 restantes fueron polimórficos. El promedio de alelos por locus varió entre 5,77 y 7,91. El mayor número de alelos (17) se encontró en el locus UNH 211, mientras que el menor se observó en OMO032 (cuatro). Veinte loci presentaron por lo menos un alelo privado. El número de alelos efectivos promedio fue menor al número de alelos observado y estuvo entre 3,37 y 4,03. Se registraron desviaciones significativas en el equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg, en su mayoría con deficiencias de heterocigotos. Se encontraron evidencias de alelos nulos en nueve marcadores. La heterocigosidad observada estuvo entre 0,601 y 0,649. El índice de fijación fue de 0.0766 (intervalo de confianza de 95%, entre 0,05092 y 0,10289). Según el análisis de varianza molecular, la mayor fuente de variación se encontró entre individuos. El valor de la distancia de Nei entre los reproductores Nilóticos y rojos estuvo entre 0,43 y 0,54. Conclusión: Los resultados de la presente investigación proveen una línea base acerca de la diversidad y estructura genética de los reproductores de tilapia en Antioquia, Colombia, y son útiles para el manejo de granjas dedicadas a la reproducción de tilapia.
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