Abordaje de la situación epidemiológica de Coxiella burnetii en América del Sur: Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.e357454Palabras clave:
Coxiella burnetii, epidemiología, evaluación anticuerpos, factores de riesgo, fiebre Q, SuraméricaResumen
Antecedentes: Coxiella burnetii es el agente causal de la fiebre Q, enfermedad zoonótica que afecta tanto a humanos como a animales y presenta variación antigénica en dos fases: Fase I y Fase II. Esta última está relacionada principalmente con la forma aguda de la fiebre Q, caracterizada por síntomas como la neumonía y la hepatitis, que puede afectar a varias especies de mamíferos, incluido el ser humano. Objetivo: Con el fin de consolidar la información y epidemiología de esta patología en Suramérica, se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos publicados sobre C. burnetii entre los años 2000 y 2020, acompañada de una aproximación serológica a la presencia de anticuerpos IgG Fase II en una población de Córdoba, Colombia. Resultados: Los estudios epidemiológicos demostraron la presencia de Coxiella burnetii en humanos, animales e incluso alimentos con diferentes valores de seropositividad según la región. Los estudios en humanos registraron principalmente asociaciones con la fase aguda, mientras que los estudios en animales evidenciaron manifestaciones asociadas principalmente a problemas reproductivos. La evaluación de anticuerpos IgG de fase II en la población de Córdoba registró una seropositividad del 4,52%. Conclusión: Estos resultados muestran una circulación subestimada de C. burnetii en Suramérica y enfatizan la relevancia de un mayor número de estudios que permitan determinar el riesgo asociado con este agente.
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