New approaches to control foot-and-mouth disease: antivirals and novel vaccines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.324087Palavras-chave:
antiviral strategies, foot and mouth disease, prevention, vaccinesResumo
Summary
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral-induced disease of cloven-hoofed animals that results in serious economic consequences in affected countries that have a significant international livestock trade. Currently disease control measures include inhibition of susceptible animal movement, slaughter of infected and susceptible in-contact animals, disinfection, and possibly vaccination with an inactivated whole virus antigen. However, there are a number of problems with use of the current vaccine in outbreaks in countries which have been previously free of FMD. As a result countries which vaccinate face a longer delay in regaining FMD-free status than countries which do not vaccinate but rather slaughter all infected or susceptible in-contact animals. Researchers have been attempting to develop both new FMD vaccines to overcome the limitations of the current inactivated vaccine as well as methods to more rapidly induce a protective response. In this manuscript I discuss the most effective new FMD vaccines and novel antiviral strategies that are currently being examined.
Resumen
La fiebre aftosa es una enfermedad viral altamente contagiosa, que afecta a los animales de pezuña hendida y produce pérdidas económicas importantes, afectando el comercio internacional pecuario de los países que la padecen. En la actualidad las medidas de control para esta enfermedad incluyen la restricción del movimiento de animales susceptibles, el sacrificio de animales infectados y aquellos susceptibles que entran en contacto con los infectados, la desinfección y la posible vacunación con un antígeno viral completo inactivado. No obstante, existen varios problemas con el uso de las vacunas disponibles durante los brotes en países que habían sido considerados previamente libres de la enfermedad. Como resultado de lo anterior, los países que vacunan, enfrentan una demora significativa en obtener nuevamente el estado de "país libre" de fiebre aftosa, a diferencia de aquellos que no vacunan y deciden sacrificar todos sus animales infectados o los susceptibles que se exponen a la infección. Los científicos han estado tratando de desarrollar nuevas vacunas para superar las limitaciones de las actuales vacunas inactivadas, a la vez que se intentan desarrollar nuevos métodos para inducir una respuesta inmune protectora más rápida. En este documento se discuten, nuevas vacunas que son más efectivas para controlar la fiebre aftosa e igualmente, estrategias antivirales novedosas que están actualmente en investigación.
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