Prevalência, Isolamento Bacteriano e Suscetibilidade a Antimicrobianos da Mastite Clínica em Camelos Lactantes no Sul da Argélia (Illizi e Oued Souf)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.e358933Palavras-chave:
Suscetibilidade antimicrobiana, Mastite clínica, Isolamento bacteriano, Camelas lactantes, Fatores de risco, Prevalência, Camelas (Camelus dromedarius), Sul da Argélia, Streptococcus agalactiaeResumo
Contexto: A mastite clínica em camelas (Camelus dromedarius) é uma preocupação significativa para a criação de camelos, particularmente em regiões como as províncias de Oued Souf e Illizi, na Argélia. A mastite afeta a saúde dos animais e a qualidade do leite, impactando a produtividade e o manejo do rebanho. Compreender a prevalência, as características bacteriológicas e os fatores de risco associados à mastite é essencial para desenvolver estratégias de manejo eficazes. Objetivo: Este estudo visa investigar a prevalência, os fatores de risco e as características bacteriológicas da mastite clínica em camelas saharianas nas regiões de Oued Souf e Illizi, na Argélia, com foco nos padrões de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana dos patógenos envolvidos. Métodos: Um total de 170 camelas saharianas multíparas foram examinadas clinicamente. Amostras de leite foram coletadas dos animais afetados, e os isolados bacterianos foram obtidos e identificados. Testes de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana foram realizados nos isolados para determinar os padrões de resistência. Também foram avaliados fatores de risco, como infestação por carrapatos, lesões na glândula mamária e o uso de dispositivos antiamamentação. Resultados: Os cocos gram-positivos foram os patógenos predominantes, com Streptococcus agalactiae representando 85% dos isolados bacterianos. Os testes de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana revelaram que a oxitetraciclina, doxiciclina, eritromicina e o cotrimoxazol mostraram 100% de eficácia. Sulfametazina/trimetoprima e tilosina apresentaram 85% de suscetibilidade, enquanto a penicilina e a amoxicilina foram eficazes em 60% dos casos. A enrofloxacina demonstrou eficácia moderada, com uma taxa de suscetibilidade de 50%. O estudo também identificou fatores de risco-chave, como infestação por carrapatos, lesões na glândula mamária e dispositivos antiamamentação. Conclusões: O estudo destaca a importância de monitorar a resistência bacteriana na mastite em camelos e sugere que estratégias de tratamento adequadas, incluindo o uso de oxitetraciclina, doxiciclina e eritromicina, devem ser priorizadas. O manejo eficaz da mastite em rebanhos de camelos na Argélia exige que se abordem os fatores de risco identificados, como a infestação por carrapatos e as lesões na glândula mamária, e que se implementem estratégias de prevenção e tratamento apropriadas para melhorar a saúde animal e a qualidade do leite.
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