Un descanso a la “locura”: la emergencia del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático en los veteranos de la Segunda Guerra Mundial en EE.UU. y la lobotomía como solución desesperada

Vanessa Alzate Palacio

doi:10.17533/udea.tempus.26512

Authors

Vanessa Alzate Palacio University of Antioquia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.tempus.26512

Keywords:

PTSD, veterans, World War II, lobotomy

Abstract

World War II marked the beginning of the scientific understanding of mental disorders arising conflicts. It also witnessed the clash between scientific truths of every age around the same psychological symptoms, emerging from different wars. This article will show efforts from the scientific field to get to the real reason for the symptoms currently associated with PTSD, to end stigma of weakness how to cause PTSD. But while this was taking place, the way to reach an effective treatment against this phenomenon was full of obstacles and mistakes that hurt veterans who underwent these procedures in all areas making up everyday life. One of the most famous was the lobotomy procedures and resulted in the appearance of recurrent complaints from the family responsible for authorizing surgery, expression of repentance and controversial opinions in the medical and scientific circle until his disappearance of antipsychotic drugs in the century XX.

|Abstract

= 728 veces | PDF (ESPAÑOL (ESPAÑA))

= 362 veces|

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Vanessa Alzate Palacio, University of Antioquia

Senior student in History at the University of Antioquia, member of the research group Interdisciplinary Studies in General History (EIHG).

References

Andrews, Berenice; Brewin, Chris R.; Philpott, Rosanna y Stewart, Lorna “Delayed onset postraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review of the evidence,” American Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 9 (2007): 1319–1326, http//dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06091491.

Bentley, Steve. Short history of PTSD: From Thermopylae to Hue soldiers have always had a disturbing reaction to war. Vietnam Veterans of America: The Veteran. (2005). Tomado de: http://www.vva.org/archive/TheVeteran/2005_03/feature_HistoryPTSD.htm.

Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit. “Shell shock revisited: solving the puzzle of blast trauma”. Science 319, no. 5862 (2008): 406–408.

Bonwick, Richard J y Morris, Philip LP. “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in elderly war veterans”. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 11, no. 12 (1996): 1071-1076, http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1002%2F(SICI)1099-1166(199612)11%3A12%3C1071%3A%3AAID-GPS511%3E3.0.CO%3B2-B?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1.

Borson, Soo. “Posttraumatic stress disorder and dementia: A lifelong cost of war?” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 58, no. 9 (2010): 1797-1798.

Bowman, Marilyn L. “Individual differences in posttraumatic distress: problems with the DSM-IV model”. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 44, no. 1 (1999): 21-33.

Cavin, Susan. “World War II never ended in my house. Interviews of 12 Office of Strategic Services Veterans of Wartime Espionage on the 50th Anniversary of WW II”. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, no. 1071 (2007): 463-471.

Coelho, Luis Alberto; Rebelo, Maia y Costa Oliveira, Jorge Manuel. “Bases neurológicas del estrés post-traumático”. Anales de psicología 26, no. 1 (2010): 1-10.

Engdahl, Brian; Eberly, Raina y Blake, Julee D. “Assessing PTSD among Veterans Exposed to War Trauma 40-50 Years Ago”, Psychological assessment 8, no. 4 (1996): 445-449.

Hernández, Diego; Zaloff Dakoff, Juan Manuel y Rosler, Roberto. Historia de la psicocirugía. Lobotomía: del premio Nobel al oprobio. http://primeravocal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Historiadelapsicociruga.LobotomadelPremioNobelaloprobio1.pdf .

Department of Veterans Affairs, “Fact Sheet: Epidemiological Facts about PTSD”, http://ncptsd.va.gov/ncmain/ncdocs/fact_shts/fs_epidemiological.html, 2007.

Horesh, Danny y Solomon, Z.; Zerach, G. y Ein-Dor, T. Delayed-onset PTSD among war veterans: the role of life events throughout the life cycle. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol no. 46 (2011):863–870.

Jones, Edgar y Wessely, Simon. Shell shock to PTSD: Military psychiatry 1900 to the Gulf War. Londres: Psychology Press, 2005.

Langer, Ron. “Combat Trauma, Memory, and the World War II Veteran”. War, Literature and the Arts: An International Journal of the Humanities 23, no. 1 (2011): 50-58.

Magee, Dennis. “PTST: Only the name has changed”. http://wcfcourier.com/news/metro/ptsd-only-the-name-has-changed/article_394eabda-6a67-5b42-ab5b-2643c4158f11.html.

Marlowe, David H. Psychological and Psychosocial Consequences of Combat and Deployment: Whit special emphasis on the Gulf War. Santa Monica: RAND, 2001.

Weierstall, Roland; Huth, Sina; Knecht, Jasmin; Nandi, Corina; Elbert, Thomas. “Appetitive Aggression as a Resilience Factor against Trauma Disorders: Appetitive Aggression and PTSD in German World War II Veterans”. PLoS ONE 7, no. 12 (2012), DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050891.