The Eastern Italian Africa and the development of a national anthropology, 1890-1941
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.tempus.n8a04Keywords:
Italian colonialism, racism, history of anthropologyAbstract
The text identifies and analyzes the relation that could exist among the emergence and development of the anthropological discipline in Italy and the strategy of colonial expansion directed by the Italian State, in the period from 1890 to 1941. At first, the anthropologists expressed slight interest in the social realities of the colonies, to the point that the studies required by the State were based on incomplete and stereotyped information, the product of the activity of officials and not by specialists. Later the policy of the fascist regime placed anthropological studies at the center of the public and academic debate, due to the necessity to justify ideologically the efforts of the imperial expansion. We consider that this interest was usually utilitarian since it was assumed that a better knowledge of the occupied populations could strengthen their control. However, also arose approaches and arguments that even went against the postulates of the Fascist regime.
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