Determinación de proteínas antifúngicas de cultivos sumergidos del hongo medicinal Ganoderma lucidum (Ganodermataceae) con actividad sobre el hongo fitopatógeno Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Mycosphaerellaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v41n111a04Palabras clave:
quitinasa, fungicida, Ganoderma lucidum, glucanasa, nucleasa, proteasa, SigatokaResumen
El banano es uno de los cultivos comestibles más importante en el mundo, sin embargo, es atacado por diferentes patógenos, uno de los más destacados es el hongo Mycosphaerella fijiensis, agente causal de la Sigatoka Negra. Los problemas ambientales y económicos relacionados con los pesticidas usados para su control han estimulado la búsqueda de biomoléculas alternativas no contaminantes. En el grupo de Biotecnología de la Universidad de Antioquia se realizaron estudios previos buscando una alternativa biológica al control de M. fijiensis, en los cuales se determinó la capacidad antifúngica del hongo Ganoderma lucidum como antagonista y posteriormente como fuente de extractos proteicos con actividad inhibitoria in vitro y en plantas de invernadero; estos hallazgos fueron la base de este trabajo, que está enfocado en el estudio de la capacidad enzimática de las proteínas presentes en los extractos proteicos, debido a su capacidad potencial para degradar diferentes compuestos, incluyendo polisacáridos, lípidos, péptidos y ácidos nucleicos, que constituyen partes esenciales de una célula viva; por lo tanto, estos extractos pueden actuar como posibles agentes antifúngicos. En este estudio, los extractos proteicos de G. lucidum obtenidos a partir de cultivos en biorreactor (BIOFLO 110®) fueron caracterizados en términos de sus actividades enzimáticas: deoxyribonucleasa, ribonucleasa, proteasa, glucanasa y quitinasa. Los extractos también fueron fraccionados y cada fracción obtenida fue evaluada para la capacidad inhibitoria contra el hongo fitopatógeno M. fijiensis, y a través de los análisis de espectrometría de masas se confirmó la presencia de diferentes enzimas con potencial antifúngico.
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