Antioxidantes producidos por microorganismos acuáticos y terrestres con uso potencial en cosméticos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v44n116a02Palabras clave:
compuestos naturales, bacterias, estrés oxidativo, hongos, microalgas, radicales libresResumen
Los antioxidantes son compuestos naturales o sintéticos capaces de prevenir o retardar el daño oxidativo, al contrarrestar radicales libres en biomoléculas expuestas a este tipo de estrés. La industria alimentaria, farmacéutica y cosmética ha optado por sustituir los ingredientes químicos por compuestos naturales, utilizando en gran cantidad compuestos obtenidos de plantas. Sin embargo, la mayor fuente de recursos naturales está en los microorganismos, debido a su gran diversidad y a los mecanismos metabólicos que desarrollan para adaptarse a zonas con ambientes no favorables para el desarrollo de la vida. Entre los microorganismos productores de compuestos útiles para los seres humanos que se incluyen en esta revisión se encuentran: hongos, bacterias y microalgas. Los microorganismos más explorados son los que habitan ambientes terrestres debido a la accesibilidad hacia los mismos; no obstante, el extenso ambiente marino también alberga una gran diversidad de organismos de los que se podrían obtener varios compuestos como carotenoides, flavonoides, fenoles o exopolisacáridos con aplicaciones cosméticas. En este artículo se presenta una revisión de 90 artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2020 con información relevante sobre los antioxidantes producidos por microorganismos acuáticos y terrestres con uso potencial en cosméticos, con el fin de proporcionar información significativa sobre alternativas a antioxidantes sintetizados artificialmente y obtenidos de fuentes vegetales.
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