Relation between infection by galls and the structural variables of Rhizophora mangle L., in Gulf of Urabá (Colombia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v39n106a04Keywords:
mangrove ecology, phytopathology, vigor, allometryAbstract
In recent years, several phytosanitary problems have been identified, causing deterioration of the mangrove forests of the gulf of Urabá and, consequently affecting the communities that use their products. Especially the presence of tumors in Rhizophora mangle trees was detected several years ago. In order to evaluate its relationship with the structure and anatomy of R. mangle trees, 24 circular plots of 500 m² were established, at the mouth of the Atrato river, a site with a high incidence of these tumors in mangroves, and three plots in the cove of Rionegro, where have not been registered tumors so far. Diameters and heights of trees with DBH greater than 2.5 cm were measured, and their vigor was evaluated. Most plots located at the mouth of the Atrato River, showed a higher percentage of infection (only 4 of them showed low infection percentage). In the logistic model, for any combination of DAP and vigor, the presence of galls in trees was more likely than absence, and the probability of finding an infected tree increased, as DAP increased, and its vigor was more unfavorable. The overall vigor effect was statistically significant, however, the contrasts between upper categories (2-4) did no show significant differences. The proportion of infected trees was high (> 75%) in categories greater than 10 cm of DBH, showing the high level of spread of the infection in the Atrato river delta. The diameter distributions retain the positive relationship found with the logistic model between the diameter of the trees and the presence of galls.
Downloads
References
Arbellay E, Fonti P, Stoffel M. 2012. Duration and extension of anatomical changes in wood structure after cambial injury. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63 (8): 3271-3277.
Barnard EL, Freeman TE. 1982. Cylindrocarpon galls on red mangrove. Plant Pathology, Circular 235: 1-2.
Bernal G, Montoya LJ, Garizábal C, Toro M. 2005. Complejidad de la dimensión física en la problemática costera del Golfo de Urabá. Gestión y Ambiente, 8: 123-135.
Biggs AR. 1992a. Anatomical and physiological responses of bark tissues to mechanical injury. En: Blanchette RA, Biggs AR. Defense mechanisms of woody plants against fungi. Berlin. Springer Series in Wood Sciences. p. 13-40.
Biggs AR. 1992b. Responses of angiosperm bark tissues to fungi causing cankers and canker rots. In:Blanchette RA, Biggs AR. Defense mechanisms of woody plants against fungi. Berlin. Springer Series in Wood Sciences. p. 13-40.
Blanco JF, Estrada EA, Ortiz L, Urrego LE. 2012. Ecosystem-wide impacts of deforestation in mangroves: the Urabá Gulf (Colombian Caribbean) case study. IRSN Ecology [Internet], 2012: 1-14. Fecha de acceso: 18 de diciembre de 2015. Disponible en: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2012/958709/
Burgert I, Eckstein D. 2001. The tensile strength of isolated wood rays of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and its significance for the biomechanics of living trees. Trees, 15: 168–170.
Cooke BM. 2006. Disease assessment and yield loss. In: Cooke BM, Jones DG, Kaye B, edits. The epidemiology of plant diseases. Dordrecht (Netherlands): Springer. p. 43-80.
Delvaux C, Sinsin B, Van-Damme P, Beeckman H. 2010. Wound reaction after bark harvesting: microscopic and macroscopic phenomena in ten medicinal tree species (Benin). Trees, 24: 941–951.
Díaz JM, Díaz-Pulido G, Sánchez JA. 2000. Distribution and structure of the southernmost Caribbean coral reefs: Golfo de Urabá, Colombia. Scientia Marina, 64(3): 327-336.
Francois Y, García C, Cesaraccio MY, Rojas X. 2007. El paisaje del Golfo de Urabá. En: García-Valencia C, editor. Atlas del Golfo de Urabá: Panorama para Antioquia y Chocó. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar. Santa Marta (Colombia): Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (INVEMAR), Gobernación de Antioquia. p. 188
Franklin GL. 1946. A rapid method of softening wood for microtome sectioning. Tropical Woods, 88: 35-36.
Gilbert G. 2002a. Evolutionary ecology of plant diseases in natural ecosystems. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 40: 13–43.
Gilbert G. 2002b. Interacciones entre microorganismos y plantas. En: Guariguata MR, Kattan GH. Ecología y conservación de bosques neotropicales. Cartago (Costa Rica): Libro Universitario Regional. p. 435-464.
Gilbert G, Hubbell PS, Foster RB. 1994a. Spatial distribution of a canker disease of Lauraceae in a lowland moist tropical forest. Phytopathology, 84: 868.
Gilbert G, Hubbell SP, Foster RB. 1994b. Density and distance to adult effects of a canker disease of trees in a moist tropical forest. Oecologia, 98: 100-108.
Gómez E, Bernal G. 2013. Influence of the environmental characteristics of mangrove forests on recent benthic foraminifera in the Gulf of Urabá, Colombian Caribbean. Ciencias Marinas, 39(1): 69–82.
Hau B, Kranz J. 1990. Mathematics and statistic for analysis in epidemiology. In: Kranz J, edit. Epidemics of plant diseases: Mathematical analysis and modeling. Berlin (Germany): Springer-Verlag. p. 12-52.
Hoyos R, Urrego LE, Lema Á. 2013. Respuesta de la regeneración natural en manglares del Golfo de Urabá (Colombia) a la variabilidad ambiental y climática intra-anual. Revista de Biología Tropical, 61(3): 1445-1461.
IDEAM. 2014. Pronóstico de Pleamares y Bajamares Costa Caribe Colombiana 2015. Bogotá (Colombia): Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales, Servicio Mareográfico. ISBN 958-95850-6-X.
Jiménez JA, Lugo A, Citrón G. 1985. Tree mortality in mangrove forests. Biotropica, 17(3): 177-185.
Koenker R, Bassett G. 1982. Robust tests for heteroscedasticity based on regression quantiles. Econometrica, 50(1): 43–61.
Kohlmeyer J. 1969. Ecological notes on fungi in mangrove forest. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 53: 237-251.
Kohlmeyer J. 1980. Tropical and subtropical filamentous fungi of the Western Atlantic Ocean. Botanica Marina, 23: 529-544.
Krauss KW, Lovelock CE, McKee K, López-Hoffman L, Ewe S, Sousa W. 2008. Environmental drivers in mangrove establishment and early development: A review. Aquatic Botany, 89: 105–127.
Larson PR. 1994. The vascular cambium: development and structure. Berlin (Germany): Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 740
León R. 2009. Ecosistemas costeros de la costa Caribe Colombiana: biodiversidad y caracterización ambiental. Revista Biociencias, 15(2): 115-132.
Lev-Yadun S. 1994. Experimental evidence for the autonomy of ray differentiation in Ficus sycomorus L. New Phytologist, 126: 499–504.
Lev-Yadun S, Aloni R. 1992. The role of wounding and partial girdling in differentiation of vascular rays. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 153: 348–357.
Lev-Yadun S, Aloni R. 1993. Effect of wounding on the relations between vascular rays and vessels in Melia azedarach L. New Phytologist, 124: 339–344.
Lev-Yadun S, Aloni R. 1995. Differentiation of the ray system in woody plants. Botanical Review, 61: 45–84.
Lozano LH. 1998. Caracterización y díagnóstico integral de la zona costera que comprende la bahía Colombia desde el Río Turbo hasta Matuntugo. Cartagena (Colombia): Escuela Naval Almirante Padilla, Facultad de Oceanografía Física.
Lugo A. 1997. Old-growth mangrove forests in the United States. Conservation Biology, 11(1): 11-20.
Manion PD. 1991. Tree disease concepts. New York (USA): Prentice Hall. p. 1981.
Martínez-Zurimendi P, Álvarez JM, Pando V, Domínguez M, Gordo J, Finat L, Sierra-de-Grado R. 2009. Efectos del vibrado del pino piñonero (Pinus pinea L.) en el vigor de los árboles: densidad de copa, crecimiento de guías y parásitos de debilidad. Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales, 18(1): 50-63.
Mattheck C, Kubler H. 1995. Wood: the internal optimization of trees. Berlin (Germany): Springer. p. 127.
Molina LE, Pérez F, Martínez JO, Franco JV, Marín L, González JL, Carvajal JH. 1998. Geomorfología y aspectos erosivos del litoral Caribe colombiano. INGEOMINAS Publicación Geológica Especial, 21: 1-73.
Olexa MT, Freeman TE. 1978. A gall disease of red mangrove caused by Cylindrocarpon didymium. Plant Disease, 62: 283-286.
Osorio JA, Wingfield MJ, Roux J. 2014. A review of factors associatedwith decline and death of mangroves,with particular reference to fungal pathogens [In review]. South African Journal of Botany. Disponible en: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.08.010>.
Reiterer A, Burgert I, Sinn G, Tschegg S. 2002. The radial reinforcement of the wood structure and its implication on mechanical and fracture mechanical properties: a comparison between two tree species. Journal of Materials Science, 37: 935–940.
Sánchez-Álferez AS, Álvarez-León R. 2000. First report of Neoteredo reynei(Bivalvia:Teredinidae) in the mangrove swamps of the Colombian Caribbean. UCR-Revista de Biología Tropical, 48 (2/3):720.
Sánchez-Alférez A, Álvarez-León R, Godoy-Bueno S, Pinzón-Florián OP. 2009. Aspectos fitosanitarios de los manglares del Urabá Antioqueño, Caribe colombiano. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 4(3): 339-346.
Schumann G, D’Arcy C. 2010. Essential plant pathology. 2a Edición. St. Paul, Minnesota (USA): American Phytopathological Society Press. p. 384.
Schweingruber FH. 2007. Wood Structure and Environment. Berlin (Germany): Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. p. 279.
Stangarlin JR, Kuhn OJ, Toledo MV, Portz RL, Schwan-Estrada KR, Pascholati SF. 2011. A defesa vegetal contra fitopatógenos. Scientia Agraria Paranaensis, 10(1): 18-46.
Tattar TA, Klekowski EJ, Stern AI. 1994. Dieback and mortality in red mangrove, Rhizophorae mangle L., in southwest Puerto Rico. Arboricultural Journal, 18: 419-429.
Tattar TA, Wier AM. 2002. Proposed etiology of Cytospora rhizophoraecanker of Rhizophora mangle in southwestern Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science, 38(1-2): 156-158.
Teas HJ, McEwan RJ. 1982. An epidemic dieback gall disease of Rhizophora mangroves in The Gambia, West Africa. Plant Disease, 66: 522-523.
Tomlinson PB. 1986. The botany of mangroves. Massachussetts (USA): Cambridge University Press. p. 423.
Urrego LE, Molina EC, Suárez JA, Ruiz HY, Polanía JH. 2010. Distribución, composición y estructura de los manglares del golfo de Urabá. En: Expedición Estuarina, Golfo de Urabá, Fase 1. Expedición Antioquia 2013. Medellín (Colombia): Gobernación de Antioquia -Universidad de Antioquia-Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Universidad EAFIT. Informe Final. p. 304.
Urrego LE, Molina EC, Suárez JA. 2014. Environmental and anthropogenic influences on the distribution, structure, and floristic composition of mangrove forests of the Gulf of Urabá (Colombian Caribbean). Aquatic Botany, 114: 42– 49.
Vo QT, Kuenzer C, Vo QM, Moder F, Oppelt N. 2012. Review of valuation methods for mangrove ecosystem services. Ecological Indicators, 23: 431-446.
Wier AM, Tattar TA, Klekowski EJ. 2000. Disease of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) in southwest Puerto Rico caused by Cytospora rhizophorae. Biotropica, 32(2): 299-306.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Actualidades Biológicas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors exclusively authorize the Actualidades Biológicas journal to edit and publish the submitted manuscript if its publication is recommended and accepted, without this representing any cost to the Journal or the University of Antioquia.
All the ideas and opinions contained in the articles are sole responsibility of the authors. The total content of the issues or supplements of the journal is protected under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, so they cannot be used for commercial purposes, but for educational purposes. However, please mention the Actualidades Biológicas journal as a source and send a copy of the publication in which the content was reproduced.
