Microbial concentration and composition in the environment of the Jorge Palacios Preciado central library of the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.329179Keywords:
aerobiology, library, library microorganisms, microbial concentration and composition, respiratory diseasesAbstract
Microorganisms, spores, acari, and pollen are natural components of indoor air and they may be transported from the outdoor air by aerobiological particles that settle on dust and cause the biodeterioration of various materials, in addition to representing a risk for human health. In this study, we evaluated the microbial concentration in the environment of the “Jorge Palacios Preciado” Central Library of the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica of Colombia. The open petri dish sedimentation method was used for the microbiological sampling of the environment, using Sabouraud agar for isolating fungi and nutrient agar for bacteria. Microbial density of this environment was found to be within sanitary levels accepted for environments of public buildings, and the greatest diversity was comprised of filamentous fungi, with 34 genera identified, along with a fungal group from the Class Phycomycetes, with Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Paecilomyces spores the most frequent in the library. Yeasts were the less representative in the environment, with two genera isolated, Candida and Rhodotorula. Regarding bacterial forms, a total 16 genera were isolated, of which Bacillus and Neisseria were the most prevalent. Taking into account the microbial genera isolated and recent research results, the environment of the Central Library may pose a health risk o people, mainly at the respiratory level, if measures are not taken to clean and to modify the ventilation system.
Downloads
References
Aira MJ, Rodríguez-Rajo FJ, Jato V, Piontelli E. 2006. Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la aeromicota aislada de la catedral de Santiago de Compostela (Galicia, España). Boletín Micológico, 21: 27-34.
Angelosante-Bruno A, Pace L, Tomassetti B, Coppola E, Verdecchia M, Pacioni G, Visconti G. 2007. Estimation of fungal spore concentrations associated to meteorological variables. Aerobiología, 23: 221-228.
Awad AHA. 2007. Airborne dust, bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi at a flourmill. Aerobiologia, 23: 59-69.
Aydogdu H, Asan A, Tatman-Otkun M. 2010. Indoor and outdoor airborne bacteria in child day-care centers in Edirne City (Turkey), seasonal distribution and influence of meteorological factors. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 164: 53-66.
Barnett H. 1960. Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. 2nd ed. Estados Unidos: Burgess Publishing Company. p. 225.
Bogomolova E, Kirtsideli I. 2009. Airborne fungi in four stations of the St. Petersburg Underground railway system. International Biodeterioration and
Biodegradation, 63: 156-160. Borrego S, Pons V, Perdomo I. 2008. La contaminación microbiana del aire en dos depósitos del Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba. Revista CENIC. Ciencias
Biológicas, 39 (1): 63-69.
Borrego S, Guiamet P, Gómez de Saravia S, Batistini P, García M, Lavin P, Perdomo I. 2010a. The quality of air at archives and the biodeterioration of photographs. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 64: 139-145.
Borrego S, Perdomo I, Guiamet P, Gómez de Saravia S. 2010b. Estudio de la concentración microbiana en el aire de depósitos del Archivo Nacional de Cuba. Augmdomus, 1: 118-137.
Borrego S, Perdomo I, De la Paz J, Gómez de Saravia S, Guiamet P. 2011. Relevamiento microbiológico del aire y de materiales almacenados en el Archivo Histórico del Museo de La Plata, Argentina y en el Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba. Revista del Museo de La Plata, Sección Botánica, 18 (119): 1-18.
Bueno D, Silva J, Oliver G. 2003. Hongos ambientales en una biblioteca: un año de estudio. Anales de Documentación, 6: 27-34.
Carrabs M. 1995. Actualización en sinusitis. Antibióticos e Infección, 3 (4): 5-18.
Carrillo L. 2003. Los hongos de los alimentos y forrajes. Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina. p. 118.
Chandra-Mouli P, Venkata-Mohan S, Jayarama-Reddy S. 2005. Assessment of microbial (bacteria) concentrations of ambient air at semi-arid urban region: influence of meteorological factors. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 3 (2): 139-149.
Chao HJ, Milton DK, Schwartz J, Burge HA. 2001. Dustborne fungi in large office buildings. Mycopathologia, 154: 93-106.
De La Rosa MC, Mosso MA, Ullán C. 2002. El aire: Hábitat y medio de transmisión de microorganismos. Observatorio Medioambiental, 5: 375-402.
Díez-Herrero A, Sabariego-Ruiz S, Gutiérrez-Bustillo M, y Cervigón-Morales P. 2006. Study of airborne fungal spores in Madrid, Spain. Aerobiología, 22: 135-142.
Domsh K, Gams W, Anderson TH. 1980a. Compendium of soil fungi. Volumen 1. Nueva York (Estados Unidos): Academic Press. p. 859.
Domsh K, Gams W, Anderson TH. 1980b. Compendium of soil fungi. Volumen 2. Nueva York (Estados Unidos): Academic Press. p. 406.
Finegold SM, Martin WJ. 1983. Diagnóstico microbiológico. 6a. ed. Buenos Aires: Editorial Médica Panamericana S. A. p. 670.
Gallo F. 1993. Aerobiological research and problems in libraries. Aerobiologia, 9: 117-130.
Goh I, Obbard JP, Viswanathan S, Huang Y. 2000. Airborne bacteria and fungal spores in the indoor environment. A case study in Singapore. Acta Biotechnologica, 20: 67-73.
Gómez A, Garante I, Martínez JC, Valdivieso MA, Rubio LL, Tarazona GP, Sánchez-Medina M. 2005. Evaluación de alergenos presentes en polvo y ambiente de algunas bibliotecas de Bogotá, D. C. Universitas Médica, 46 (1): 13-20.
Haleem Khan AA, Karuppayil SM, Manoharachary C, Kunwar LK, Waghray S. 2009. Isolation, identification and testing for allergenicity of fungi from air-conditioned indoor environments. Aerobiologia, 25: 119-123.
Hines C, Milton D, Larsson L, Petersen M, Fisk W, Mendell M. Characterization and variability of endotoxin and 3-hydroxy fatty acids in an office building during a particle intervention study. Indoor Air, 10 (1): 2-12.
HyvÄrinen A, Vahteristo M, Meklin T, Jantunen M, Nevalainen A, Moschandreas D. 2001. Temporal and spatial variation of fungal concentrations in indoor air. Aerosol Science and Technology, 35: 688-695.
Jones AM, Harrison RM. 2003. The effects of meteorological factors on atmospheric bioaerosol concentrations-a review. Science of the Total Environment, 326 (1-3): 151-180.
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008. Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford: CABI. p. 609.
Kurup V, Shen H, Banerjee B. 2000. Respiratory fungal allergy. Microbes and Infection, 2: 1101-1110.
Labarrere S, Gómez-Fernández A, Avila-Roque I, Guevara- Andreu ME, Fernández-Lafargue B. 2003. Riesgos biológicos en ambientes confinados. Revista Cubana de Salud y Trabajo, 4 (1-2): 4-7.
Madigan M, Martinko J, Parker J. 2006. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 11a ed. Madrid: Prentice Hall Iberia. p. 1088.
Maggi O, Persiani A, Gallo F, Valenti P, Pasquariello G, Sclocchi M, Scorrano M. 2000. Airborne fungal spores in dust present in archives: proposal for a detection method, new for archival materials. Aerobiologia, 16: 429-434.
MiniCultura Colombia. 2009. Decreto 763 de 2009. Correspondiente al Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación de Naturaleza Material. Ministerio de Cultura de la República de Colombia. Fecha de acceso: 07 mayo
Disponible en: <http://www.museoscolombianos.gov.co/inbox/files/docs/decreto763-09.pdf>.
Nevalainen A, Morawska L (eds.). 2009. Biological agents in indoor environments. Assessment of health risks. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Fecha de acceso: 16 de abril de 2010. Disponible en: <http://www.ilaqh.qut.edu.au/Misc/BIOLOGICAL AGENTS 2009.pdf>.
Nugari M, Roccardi A. 2001. Aerobiological investigations applied to the conservation of cultural heritage. Aerobiologia, 17: 215-223.
O’Gorman C, Fuller H. 2008. Prevalence of culturable airborne spores of selected allergenic and pathogenic fungi in outdoor air. Atmospheric Environment, 42: 4355-4368.
Pitzurra L, Bellezza T, Giammarioli M, Giraldi M, Sbaraglia G, Spera G, Bistoni F. 1999. Microbial environmental monitoring of the refectory in the monastery of St. Anna in Foligno, Italy. Aerobiologia, 15: 203-209.
Poulsen OM, Breum NO, Ebbehoj N. 1995. Collection of domestic waste. Review of occupational health problems and their possible causes. Science of the Total Environment, 170: 1-19.
Pyrri I, y Kapsanaki-Gotsi E. 2007. A comparative study on the airborne fungi in Athens, Greece, by viable and non-viable sampling methods. Aerobiologia, 23: 3-15.
Radler de Aquino N, De Göes L. 2000. Guidelines for indoors air quality in offices in Brazil. Proceedings of Healthy Buildings, 4: 549-554.
Rautiala S, Nevalainen A, Kalliokoski P. 2002. Firefighting efforts may lead to massive fungal growth and exposure within one week. A case report. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 15 (3): 303-307.
Rojas TI, Martínez E, Aira MJ, Almaguer M. 2008. Aeromicota de ambientes internos: comparación de métodos de muestreo. Boletín Micológico, 23: 67-73.
Sáenz C, Gutiérrez M. 2003. Esporas atmosféricas en la comunidad de Madrid. Documentos Técnicos de Salud Pública [Internet]. Madrid: Industrias Gráficas MAE. Disponible en: . Sáez G, Rojas M, Candia E, Cáceres S, Jiménez R. 2004.
Hongos en ambientes interiores y exteriores de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas de la Universidad Nacional Federico Villareal. The Biologist (Perú), 2 (2): 4-5.
Schaechter M, Neidhardt F, Ingraham J. 2006. Microbe. Washington: American Society for Microbiology. p. 610.
Shelton BG, Kirkland KH, Flanders WD, Morris GK. 2002. Profiles of airborne fungi in buildings and outdoor environments in the United States. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68: 1743-1753.
Toloza-Moreno D, Lizarazo-Forero L. 2011. Aeromicrobiología del Archivo Central de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (Tunja-Boyacá). Acta Biológica Colombiana, 16 (1): 185-194.
Valentín N, Vaillant M, Guerrero H. 1997. Programa de control integrado de plagas en bienes culturales de países de clima mediterráneo y tropical. Apoyo, 7: 13-14.
Villalba LS, Mikán JF, Sánchez S. 2004. Actividades hidrolíticas y caracterización izoenzimática de poblaciones microbianas aisladas del patrimonio documental del Archivo General de Colombia. NOVA, 2: 50-58.
Zhu H, Phelan P, Duan T, Raupp G, Fernando H, Che F. 2003. Experimental study of indoor and outdoor airborne bacterial concentrations in Tempe, Arizona, USA. Aerobiologia, 19: 201-211.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The authors exclusively authorize the Actualidades Biológicas journal to edit and publish the submitted manuscript if its publication is recommended and accepted, without this representing any cost to the Journal or the University of Antioquia.
All the ideas and opinions contained in the articles are sole responsibility of the authors. The total content of the issues or supplements of the journal is protected under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, so they cannot be used for commercial purposes, but for educational purposes. However, please mention the Actualidades Biológicas journal as a source and send a copy of the publication in which the content was reproduced.
