Composición química del aceite esencial de Artemesia herba-alba y sus efectos larvicida y pupicida contra Culex pipiens (Diptera; Culicidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi/v45n118a01Palabras clave:
bioinsecticidas, extracciòn, control biológico, moleculas naturales, parámetros toxicológicosResumen
Artemisia herba-alba (A. herba-alba) (Asteraceae) es ampliamente utilizada en fitoterapia ya que tiene una verdadera mina de moléculas naturales como la davanona, que es un producto muy interesante en el mercado internacional. La presente investigación propone un método para el control de los estadios preimaginarios de Culex pipiens (L4 y pupas) a base de aceite esencial de A. herba-alba. La parte aérea de esta planta fue extraída por hidrodestilación, luego fue analizada por cromatografía de gases acoplada a la espectrometría de masas (CPG/SM) para la determinación de su composición química. Se prepararon tres concentraciones (1, 5 y 10 μl/ml) y se probaron directamente en larvas (L4) y pupas en condiciones de laboratorio para medir los valores LC50, LC90, LT50 y LT90. El rendimiento obtenido en este estudio fue del 1,5%, además el análisis mostró que el aceite de A. herba-alba es un quimiotipo de davanona que consiste principalmente en davanona (48,8%). La eficiencia de este aceite esencial se expresa por los parámetros toxicológicos calculados en la CL50 y CL90, para larvas de 3,278 μl/ml y 7,573 μl/ml, y para pupas 1,213 μl/ml y 2,288 μl/ml, respectivamente. Este estudio muestra que el aceite esencial de A. herba-alba tiene propiedades tóxicas sobre larvas y pupas de Culex pipiens. Estos resultados son alentadores y abren interesantes y prometedores horizontes para su aplicación en la producción de bioinsecticidas.
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