Atividade larvicida de extratos vegetais da família Asteraceae e modelagem matemática para uso no controle de populações de Aedes aegypti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v40n108a01Palavras-chave:
Aedes aegypti, bioensayos, extractos vegetales, fitoquímica, larvicida, modelo matemáticoResumo
Dengue, chikungunya e Zika, todos transmitidos pelo Aedes aegypti, são doenças que afetam amplamente a população mundial. A avaliação de extratos vegetais permite o estabelecimento de produtos eficientes para o controle desse mosquito. Este trabalho avaliou a atividade larvicida em A. aegypti de 23 espécies da família Asteraceae e sua composição fitoquímica preliminar. O material vegetal utilizado foi coletado no Departamento de Quindío, Colômbia. Com esse material, foram preparados os extratos vegetais etanólicos utilizados na caracterização fitoquímica e nos bioensaios. Para cada extrato, um bioensaio dose-resposta foi realizado com larvas do município da Armênia (Quindío, Colômbia), seguindo o protocolo da OMS. Estes indicam que, após 48 h, os extratos de Jaegeria hirta (694,8% ± 149,9), Austroeupatorium inulaefolium (753,3% ± 198,8) e Heliopsis oppsitifolia (764,4% ± 170,0) requerem uma concentração menor para matar 95% das larvas. Adicionalmente, foi construído um modelo matemático que descreve o comportamento das populações, a fim de avaliar diferentes estratégias de controle com os extratos; As simulações obtidas a partir da solução numérica do sistema permitem concluir que a aplicação de extratos dessas plantas constitui uma ferramenta viável para o controle de A. aegypti. Por sua vez, o progresso fitoquímico preliminar das 23 espécies mostra a presença de taninos, quinonas, flavonóides, esteróis, cumarinas e alcalóides. Conclui-se que J. hirta, A. inulaefoliu e H. oppsitifolia merecem ser estudados em profundidade, dado seu potencial larvicida para o controle de A. aegypti.
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