Effects of two types of strength training on body composition, neuromuscular activation, and kinetic and kinematic variables
Keywords:
neuromuscular activation, maximum squat strength, muscle mass, vertical jump, resistance training, load displacement velocityAbstract
Advances in our knowledge of the mechanical, physiological, biochemical and neuromuscular aspects underlying the different stimuli of strength training have transformed our understanding of this paradigm in recent decades. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of two types of resistance training (RT). One is based on velocity-based training (VBT) and the other is based on percentage-based training (PBT) performed at 70-80% of 1RM (1 repetition maximum). Muscle mass (MM), bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral component (BMC), surface electromyograms (EMG), maximum front squat strength (FSQ), vertical jump (VJ), paddling power (PP), and running speed over 30 m (RV30) are included. Thirty-one women were randomized to VBT (n=16) or PBT (n=15). The groups exercised three times per week for 12 weeks. FSQ, VJ, PP, RV30, BMD, BMC, MM, and EMG were measured before and after exercise. The VBT group trained at a mean propulsive velocity (MPV) of 0.68 ±0.08 m s - 1 and the PBT group trained at 70-80% 1RM. RT resulted in significant increases (p<0.05) in both groups for FSQ (VBT 33.79%, PBT 27.94%), VJ (VBT 19.11%, PBT 8.77%), RV30 (VBT 6. 27%, PBT 1. 66%), PP (VBT 32.2%, PBT 16.11%), fat-free MM (VBT 3.7%, PBT 2.64%), BMC (VBT 0.39%, PBT 0.25%), and BMD (VBT 0.76%, PBT 0.80%). No significant changes in EMG activity were observed in either group. Significant differences between the two exercise groups were observed in BMD, PP, BMC, and RV30. In conclusion, VBT training may provide a superior stimulus to induce neuromuscular adaptations that produce greater improvements in vertical jump, running velocity over 30 m, paddling force, bone mineral density, and similar or even greater increases in maximal squat strength, muscle mass, and bone mineral component than percentage-based training. In addition, velocity-based training showed small increases in surface electromyogram activity.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Jairo Alejandro Fernández Ortega, Luz Amelia Hoyos Cuartas, Darío Mendoza Ramírez
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