Processes, bacteria and archaea involved in the biological nitrogen cycle forthe removal of nitrogen compounds in freshwater ecosystems, a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.hm.20095Keywords:
nitrogen cycle, Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB), Ammonium Oxidizing Archaea (AOA), Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria (NOB), ammonia oxidizing anaerobic bacteria (anammox), aquatic ecosystems, fresh waterAbstract
Introduction
In aquatic ecosystems, water exchange is no longer considered a suitable option for management in aqua-culture. As avoidance of this water exchange in gene-ration of nitrogen-containing compounds has become an objective in the field, the best option to achieve it is the biological nitrogen cycle, where toxic nitrogen compounds accumulated in the metabolic waste of fish, uneaten food and organic matter, among others, are processed to less toxic nitrogen compounds and are released into the atmosphere as gases.
objective
To describe processes, bacteria and archeobacteria reported in scientific literature as participants in the biological nitrogen cycle in freshwater ecosystems.
Materials and Methods
A systematic review of scientific literature that included articles published from 2002 to 2012, available in the databases of the library system of the University of Antioquia (ScienceDirect, ACS, SpringerLink and PubMed) was carried out; the keywords employed in accordance to scientific database descriptors (DecS) were “nitrogen cycle”, “bacteria”, “archaea”, “freshwater”, “aquatics ecosystems” y “aquarium”.
Results
From a total of 383, 54 articles that complied with the inclusion criteria were selected. Such articles described the nitrogen cycle and the processes that occur in it as nitrification, denitrification and anammox process, as well as bacteria and archaea involved in these processes; the enzymes involved in each process and physicochemical factors affecting the biological nitrogen cycle were also described. In addition, some methods that have been proven effective in optimizing the removal of nitrogen compounds in freshwater ecosystems are briefly described.
Conclusions
Diversity of bacteria and archaea that are involved in the nitrogen cycle is overlooked due to the difficulty to isolate them by traditional methods in the laboratory. In addition, it is concluded that studies which show the various interactions of different types of microorganisms that are involved in nitrogen cycle in other natural habitats are required.
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