Physicochemical properties of livestock soils of three municipalities in the northern subregion of Antioquia, Colombia

Abstract

Introduction: Intensive livestock farming, known for its negative impacts on soils, calls for a more detailed investigation into the physicochemical properties in the municipalities of northern Antioquia. There is limited detailed information in this area, highlighting the importance of conducting local and specific research to better understand the magnitude and nature of the effects of this production system in the region. The aim of the study was to assess physicochemical indicators in livestock soils from 24 farms located in Entrerríos, Belmira, and San Pedro de los Milagros, belonging to the northern subregion of Antioquia. Materials and Methods: An absolute experimental study was conducted through comparative observation. In this context, various soil properties were evaluated such as texture, color, structure, pH, and content of nitrate, phosphorus, ferric ion, magnesium, manganese, aluminum, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, potassium, sulfate, calcium, and chloride. Results: Significant concentrations of Phosphorus (28.9 mg/Kg), Sulfate (1065.6 mg/Kg), Chloride (321.9 mg/Kg), Nitrate (13.1 mg/Kg), Nitrites (1 .3 mg/kg), and Ammoniacal Nitrogen (5.2 mg/Kg) were detected; these being the most relevant parameters. In addition, a predominance in the clayey textural class was identified for 54.2% of the livestock herds evaluated and a predominantly black soil, with low levels of organic matter (1.1 mg/Kg) and a moderately acidic pH (5.0-6.0). Conclusions: The diversity of properties in the soils of the northern subregion of Antioquia, with shared moderately acidic pH, highlights the need to adapt agricultural practices to guarantee sustainability. These studies provide an essential basis for immediate and future decisions, identifying edaphic limitations and guiding more effective management strategies.