Assessing Educational Unfair Inequalities at a Regional Level in Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n83a04Keywords:
inequality of opportunities, education, test Saber 11, ColombiaAbstract
This document aims to provide evidence regarding the existence of different patterns in equality of opportunities in academic achievement during the last fifteen years in Colombia. The outcomes selected for measuring inequality are the scores obtained on the national test Saber 11 in math as well as reading. It is found that inequality has increased during this period, and that this trend is common for all the metropolitan areas included in the analysis. Most of the increase found comes from factors related to the school market. It is found that inequality of opportunities is higher than 20% in almost all the studied areas.
Downloads
References
Becker, Gary (1964). Human capital. New York: Columbia University Press.
Bonilla, Leonardo (2011). “Diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso”, Revista Sociedad y Economía, No. 21, pp. 43-68.
Bonilla, Leonardo & Galvis, Luis Armando (2011). “Desigualdades regionales en el nivel educativo de los profesores en colombia”, Revista de Economía Institucional, Vol. 14, No. 26, pp. 223-240.
Bourguignon, François; Ferreira, Francisco & Menéndez, Marta (2007). “Inequality of opportunities in brasil”, Review of Income and Wealth, Series 53, No. 4, pp. 585-618.
Bourguignon, François; Ferreira, Francisco & Walton, Michael (2007). “Equity, efficiency and inequality traps: a research agenda”, Journal of Economic Inequality, Vol. 5, Issue 2, pp. 235-256.
Checchi, Danielle; Peragine, Vito & Serlenga, Laura (2010). “Fair and unfair income inequalities in Europe”. IZA Discussion Paper No. 5025.
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). Currie, Janet & Thomas, Duncan (2001). “Early test scores, socioeconomics status, school quality and future outcomes”, Research in Labor Economics, Vol. 20, pp. 130-132.
Dardanoni, Valentino; Fields, Gary; Roemer, John & Sánchez, Maria Laura (2006). “How demanding should equality of opportunity be, and how much have we achieved?” In: Morgan, Stephen; Grusky, David & Fields, Gary (Eds.), Mobility and Inequality: Frontiers of research in Sociology and Economics (pp.59-82). Stanford: Stanford University Press.
De Carvalho, Márcia; Gamboa, Luis Fernando & Waltenberg, Fábio (2013). “Equality of educational opportunity employing PISA data: taking both achievement and acces into account”. ECINEQ Working Paper N. 277. Society for the Study of Economic Inequality (ECINEQ).
Dunnzlauf, Lina; Neumann, Dirk; Niehues, Judith & Peichl, Andreas (2010). “Equality of opportunity and redistribution in Europe”. IZA Discussion Paper No. 5375. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
Ferreira, Francisco & Gignoux, Jeremie (2011). “The measurement of inequality of opportunity: Theory and an application to Latin America”, Review of Income and Wealth, Vol. 57, Issue 4, pp. 622-657.
Ferreira, Francisco & Meléndez, Marcela (2012). “Desigualdad de resultados y oportunidades en colombia: 1997-2010”. Serie Documentos Cede, 2012-40. Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico (CEDE), Facultad de Economía, Universidad de los Andes.
Galvis, Luis Armando & Meisel, Adolfo (2010). “Persistencia de las desigualdades regionales en Colombia: un análisis espacial”. Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía regional, No. 120. Banco de la República, Colombia.
Gamboa, Luis Fernando (2012). “Análisis de la evolución de la igualdad de oportunidades en educación media, en una perspectiva internacional. El caso de Colombia”. En: ICFES, Estudios sobre la calidad de la Educación en Colombia (pp. 1-43). Bogotá: ICFES.
Gamboa, Luis Fernando & Waltenberg, Fábio (2012). “Inequality of opportunity for educational achievement in Latin America: Evidence from PISA 2006-2009”, Economics of Education Review, Vol. 31, Issue 5, pp. 694-708.
Hanushek, Eric & Woessmann, Ludger (2007). “The role of education quality in economic growth”, Policy Research Working Paper No. 41122. World Bank.
Icfes (2012). Estudios sobre la calidad de la Educación en Colombia. Bogotá: ICFES.
Lefranc, Arnaud; Pistolesi, Nicolas & Trannoy, Alain (2008) “Inequality of opportunities vs. inequality of outcomes: are western societies all alike?”, Review of Income and Wealth, Vol. 54, Issue 4, pp. 513-546.
Lefranc, Arnaud; Pistolesi, Nicolas & Trannoy, Alain (2009). “Equality of opportunity and luck: definitions and testable conditions, with an application to income in France”, Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 93, Issue 11-12, pp. 1189-1207.
Oppedisano, Veruska and Turati, Gilberto (2015). “What are the causes of educational inequality and of its evolution over time in Europe? Evidence from PISA”, Education Economics, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 3-24.
Paes de Barros, Ricardo; Ferreira, Francisco; Molinas, José & Saavedra, Jaime (2009). Measuring inequality of opportunity in Latin America and the caribbean. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
Peragine, Vito (1999). “The distribution and redistribution of opportunity”, Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp. 37-69.
Peragine, Vito (2002). “Opportunity egalitarianism and income inequality”, Mathematical Social Sciences, Vol. 44, Issue 1, pp. 45-64.
Peragine, Vito (2004a). “Ranking income distribution according to equality of opportunity”, Journal of Economic Inequality, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 11-30.
Peragine, Vito (2004b). “Measuring and implementing equality of opportunity for income”, Social Choice and Welfare, Vol. 22, Issue 1, pp. 187-210.
Pignataro, Giuseppe (2012). “Equality of opportunity: policy and measurement paradigms”, Journal of Economic Surveys,Vol. 26, Issue 5, pp. 800-834.
Pistolesi, Nicolas (2009). “Inequality of opportunity in the land of opportunities, 1968-2001”, Journal of Economic Inequality, Vol. 7, Issue 4, pp. 411-433.
Ramos, Xavier, and Van de Gaer, Dirk (2012). “Empirical approaches to inequality of opportunity: principles, measures and evidence”. Working Papers 259. Society for the Study of Economic Inequality –ECINEQ-.
Roemer, John (1998). Equality of opportunity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Roemer, Jhon; Aaberge, Rolf; Colombino, Ugo; Fritzell, Johan; Jenkins, Stephen; Lefranc,… Zubiri, Ignacio (2003). “To what extent do fiscal regimes equalize opportunities for income acquisition among citizens?”, Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 87, Issue 3-4, pp. 539-565.
Schultz, Théodore (1963). The economic value of education. New York, USA: Columbia University Press.
Vélez, Carlos; Azevedo, Joao & Posso, Christian (2011). Oportunidades para los niños colombianos: cuánto avanzamos en esta década. Colombia: Banco Mundial, Banco de la República de Colombia y Departamento Nacional de Planeación -DNP-.
Wendelspiess, Florian & Soloaga, Isidro (2015). “Scale vs. translation invariant measures of inequality of opportunity when the outcome is binary”. Retrieved from: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2226822.
Zheng, Buhong (1994). “Can a poverty index be both relative and absolute?”, Econometrica, Vol. 62, Issue 6, pp. 1453-1458.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This page, by Universidad de Antioquia, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License allowing others to share it as long as they acknowledge its authorship and original publication in this journal.
Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), provided that these arrangements be not for profit and the journal be acknowledged as the original source of publication.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their papers online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their websites), as it can lead to valuable exchanges as well as greater citation of the published work.