Determinación de la concentración de calcio, fósforo y magnesio en el periparto de vacas lecheras en Manizales, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.323932Abstract
Resumen
Con el objeto de determinar en vacas lecheras la concentración de Ca, P y Mg desde la cuarta semana preparto hasta la octava semana postparto, se tomaron muestras de sangre en 30 vacas de 6 rebaños lecheros de Manizales, Colombia. Cada dos semanas se tomaron entre 5 y 10 mL de sangre con y sin anticoagulante, mediante venopunción coccígea. Se determinó la concentración de Ca, P y Mg por colorimetría. Los resultados se presentan mediante estadística descriptiva y las comparaciones entre los grupos se realizaron mediante análisis de varianza. La concentración promedio de Ca fue 2.40 ± 0.11, no observándose diferencias según la cantidad de leche producida, pero se encontraron según la semana productiva (p < 0.05). La concentración media de P fue 2.27 ± 0.64 mmol/L y 1.91 ± 0.44 mmol/L en las vacas de baja y alta producción, respectivamente (p < 0.05). La concentración de Mg fue 0.83 ± 0.04 mmol/L, no se observaron diferencias entre los grupos (p > 0.05). Los valores para Ca y Mg en vacas lecheras del Viejo Caldas son compatibles con un adecuado balance metabólico mineral para el periparto, mientras que los valores de P señalan altos consumos del mineral en la dieta, lo que requiere evaluaciones posteriores.
Palabras clave: bovinos, macrominerales, postparto, preparto.
Summary
To evaluate the concentration of Ca, P and Mg in periparturient dairy cows, blood samples were taken in 30 cows from 6 milk dairy farms located in Manizales, Colombia. The farms were placed either low altitude or high altitude zone. Samples were taken every two weeks from each selected cow. The concentration of Ca, P, and Mg were determinated by colorimetric methods. The results were presented using descriptive statistical methods, and comparisons among groups were made by an ANOVA test, significance level was set at p < 0.05. Mean Ca concentration was 2.40 ± 0.11, differences according to milk production were not observed (p > 0.05), but between dry and lactating cows were (p < 0.05). The average of P was 2.27 ± 0.64 mmol/L, and 1.91 ± 0.44 mmol/L for low milk production and high milk production, respectively (p < 0.05). The concentration of Mg was 0.83 ± 0.04 mmol/L, it was similar between groups (p > 0,05). Serum Ca and Mg concentrations were compatible with an adequate homeostatic situation for the cows of this study, however in Viejo Caldas there are many factors contributing to diminish Mg absorption. The level of P was high according to national and international reference values, suggesting that P supplementation in these farms was excessive, but this hypothesis requires further evaluation.
Key words: bovine, macrominerals, postpartum, prepartum.
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