Gripe aviária na Colômbia : uma perspectiva de Saúde Única em vigilância, intervenção e integração de políticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.e357741Palavras-chave:
Biossegurança avícola, Colômbia, doenças zoonóticas, epidemiologia, gripe aviária, saúde global, One Health, saúde pública, vigilância de doençasResumo
Antecedentes: A gripe aviária continua sendo um problema de saúde global, representando riscos para populações animais e humanas. As aves selvagens são reservatórios naturais dos vírus da influenza A (IAVs), e sua dinâmica de transmissão pode influenciar surtos em aves domésticas e humanos. A Colômbia, devido à sua localização geográfica e diversidade de ecossistemas, enfrenta desafios específicos na vigilância e no controle da gripe aviária. Objetivo: Este estudo visa fornecer uma visão abrangente da gripe aviária na Colômbia a partir de uma perspectiva de Saúde Única, destacando a vigilância, estratégias de intervenção e integração de políticas para mitigar a propagação da doença. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura para consolidar dados sobre casos de gripe aviária na Colômbia, incluindo registros de surtos em aves domésticas e selvagens. Foram analisados fatores de risco, rotas de transmissão e estratégias de prevenção, com ênfase no papel das aves migratórias e na influência ecológica. Resultados: A Colômbia registrou surtos de gripe aviária altamente patogênica (HPAI), afetando principalmente aves de quintal e selvagens. A revisão identifica áreas de alto risco influenciadas por rotas migratórias, práticas de avicultura e medidas de biossegurança. Sistemas eficazes de vigilância e protocolos de resposta rápida são essenciais para evitar a propagação do vírus. Conclusões: A adoção de uma abordagem de Saúde Única que integre esforços veterinários, de saúde pública e ambientais é crucial para mitigar a gripe aviária na Colômbia. O fortalecimento da vigilância, a melhoria das estratégias de vacinação e a implementação de medidas de biossegurança podem reduzir os riscos de transmissão. Além disso, a cooperação internacional é essencial para monitorar o movimento das aves migratórias e implementar medidas preventivas contra surtos potenciais.
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