Perfiles de resistencia antibiotica de Escherichia coli no patógena en granjas porcinas de Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v38n2a4Palabras clave:
Antibióticos, capacidad hemolítica, Escherichia coli, genes de resistencia, lechones, patógeno, resistencia a antibióticos, salud públicaResumen
Antecedentes: La resistencia a los antibióticos es un problema de salud pública mundial. Hasta el momento, existen estudios limitados centrados en Escherichia coli aislada de hatos porcinos en Colombia. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la resistencia a antibióticos de cepas no patógenas de E. coli aisladas de granjas porcinas del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Métodos: Se usaron 6 cepas de E. coli no patógenas aisladas de estudios previos. Se evaluó la capacidad hemolítica de las cepas y la presencia de toxinas termolábiles (LT) y termoestables (STa y STb) mediante la observación de bandas de amplificación de genes de interés con tamaño esperado de STa: 163 bp, STb: 368 bp, and LT: 275 bp. Finalmente, se evaluó la capacidad de resistencia de las cepas a 11 antibióticos de uso común en cepas γ - hemolíticas. Resultados: Las cepas presentaron multiresistencia a antibióticos. La mayor prevalencia de resistencia fue contra Amikacina (20%), Ceftiofur (20%), Fosfomicina (20%), Ciprofloxacina (40%), Gentamicina (40%), Florfenicol (80%), Enrofloxacina Baytril (80%), Norfloxacina (80%), Apramicina (100%), Ampicilina (100%) y Doxiciclina (100%). Conclusiones: Las cepas comensales de E. coli aisladas de lechones representan un alto riesgo de diseminación de genes de resistencia en la cadena productiva porcina, y pueden ingresar a la cadena alimentaria y transferirse a humanos generando resistencia a antibióticos. Por lo tanto, esta información es de alta relevancia para la implementación de estrategias de control y prevención de la resistencia antimicrobiana en la industria porcina y la protección de la salud pública.
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