Effect of creep feed supplemented with Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, blood parameters, gut permeability and fecal microbiome in piglets

Eva S Safaie; Ashton L Kelly; Chan-Ho Kwon; Jannell A Torres; Ji-Hye Lee; Merlin D Lindemann; Enid T McKinley; Samantha Hernandez; Jeferson M Lourenco; Young-Dal Jang

doi:10.17533/udea.rccp.e361541

Autores

Eva S Safaie University of Georgia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5935-4748
Ashton L Kelly University of Kentucky https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0172-0483
Chan-Ho Kwon University of Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-4435
Jannell A Torres University of Georgia
Ji-Hye Lee University of Georgia
Merlin D Lindemann University of Kentucky https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5812-6250
Enid T McKinley The Science Hearted Center, Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-0607
Samantha Hernandez The Science Hearted Center, Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4543-2154
Jeferson M Lourenco University of Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-0528
Young-Dal Jang University of Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-1231

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.e361541

Palavras-chave:

Bacillus subtilis, consumo de ração, crescimento, desmame, fezes, inflamação, microbioma, nitrogênio ureico, permeabilidade intestinal, pré-desmame, probióticos, ração pré-inicial, suínos

Resumo

Antecedentes: A ração pré-inicial e a suplementação com Bacillus subtilis podem promover o crescimento e a saúde dos suínos ao redor do desmame. Objetivo: Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar os efeitos da ração pré-inicial suplementada com Bacillus subtilis sobre o desempenho produtivo, a permeabilidade intestinal, a resposta inflamatória, a consistência fecal e o microbioma de suínos durante os períodos pré- e pós-desmame. Métodos: Um total de 12 leitegadas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em 3 tratamentos com base na raça, ordem de parto e tamanho da leitegada entre os dias 2 e 5 de idade. Os tratamentos foram: 1) Controle (CON): sem ração pré-inicial, 2) CF: ração pré-inicial (24% de proteína bruta) sem suplementação com B. subtilis, e 3) CFB: ração pré-inicial com suplementação de B. subtilis na concentração de 1,88×10⁸ UFC/kg de dieta. No desmame (22–25 dias de idade), os leitões foram transferidos para a instalação de recria, mantendo-se os tratamentos originais, e alimentados com uma dieta comum em 5 baias por tratamento, com 5 leitões por baia, durante 35 dias. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no número de leitões desmamados, no peso ao desmame dos leitões e das leitegadas, no ganho de peso e no consumo da ração pré-inicial durante o período de lactação. No período de recria, o grupo CF apresentou menor peso corporal (p=0,05, tendência) e menor ganho diário médio (p<0,05) entre os dias 0–21 pós-desmame em comparação com o grupo CON, enquanto o grupo CFB não diferiu dos grupos CON e CF; contudo, não houve diferenças no período total de recria. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no consumo diário médio de ração, na conversão alimentar nem na consistência fecal entre os tratamentos dietéticos durante todo o período de recria. Não houve diferenças na contagem fecal de E. coli, nem nos níveis séricos de TNF-α e diamina oxidase. Os níveis séricos de IL-1β no desmame (p<0,05) e de D-lactato no dia 21 pós-desmame (p=0,08, tendência) foram menores no grupo CFB do que no grupo CON, enquanto o grupo CF não diferiu dos grupos CON e CFB. As concentrações séricas de nitrogênio ureico no desmame foram maiores no grupo CON do que no grupo CF (p<0,05). O grupo CFB apresentou maior riqueza microbiana fecal que o grupo CON no dia 21 pós-desmame (p<0,05). Conclusão: A ração pré-inicial com alto teor de proteína não melhorou o crescimento pós-desmame, enquanto a suplementação com B. subtilis demonstrou potencial para reduzir a permeabilidade intestinal e a inflamação, além de influenciar o microbioma fecal.

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Biografia do Autor

Eva S Safaie, University of Georgia

University of Georgia, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA

Ashton L Kelly, University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lexington, KY 40546, USA

Chan-Ho Kwon, University of Georgia

University of Georgia, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA

Jannell A Torres, University of Georgia

University of Georgia, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA

Ji-Hye Lee, University of Georgia

University of Georgia, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA

Merlin D Lindemann, University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lexington, KY 40546, USA

Enid T McKinley, The Science Hearted Center, Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production

The Science Hearted Center, Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Waukesha, WI 53186, USA

Samantha Hernandez, The Science Hearted Center, Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production

The Science Hearted Center, Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Waukesha, WI 53186, USA

Jeferson M Lourenco, University of Georgia

University of Georgia, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA

Young-Dal Jang, University of Georgia

University of Georgia, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA

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