Significance of anthropometric characteristics of Olympic sailors and their functional position in boat for relation to racing success
Palabras clave:
Morphological characteristics, Olympic sailing, Body Mass Index, Functional position in sailboardResumen
Problem: sailing has been a part of every Olympic Games since 1900. Two events for both men and women are organized in this sport during the Olympics. For a successful finish in the race, a sailor must have a good boat control technique, apply different tactics, possess good physical fitness, and appropriate anthropometric indicators correspond to the type of Dinghy. Body composition plays a vital role for the sailing crew on the Dinghy to effectively control the boat. This fact has been discussed in scientific literature quite often. Several studies have found the morphological indicators in the selected type of boats, but few studies showed differences in sailors in all Olympic boat classes.
Purpose: this research aimed to determine the significance of the anthropometric characteristics of Olympic sailors about their roles onboard and correlate it with their success.
Method: three hundred and forty-three Olympic sailors, members of the national teams from 66 countries, participated in the research, in which the body height, weight, and Body mass index were measured.
Results: the study investigated the anthropometric variables of the Olympic sailors in the seven different kinds of sailboats. The study results indicated that statistically significant differences existed in the body height and body weight between helmspersons and crew (p <0.05) in double-handed dinghies. In all indicators of the Olympic class boats, the body height and bodyweight of the team were statistically higher than the helmsman except in sailors of "Nacra 17". The highest anthropometric measures in the sailors of the Olympic Games were found in the Finn class (p <0.05). The BMI of Olympic sailors identified during the study was 22.9. The results also revealed that BMI measures in men were more than in women, but the differences (p > 0.01) were not significant. The study results indicated that the relationship between racing results (total scores) and age in many dinghy classes did exist and that older elite sailors had more success in the races.
Conclusion: based on the results, it can be concluded that morphological characteristics have an essential role in determining the success of top sailors in Olympic Sailing races. Sailing coaches can use this study's results to select athletes for national teams and use the findings as a model for talent identification or selection of sailors at an early age according to different classes of sailboats.
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