Efecto de un protocolo de entrenamiento de fuerza de nueve semanas sobre la prevención de lesiones por sobreuso en tenistas juveniles. Ensayo controlado y aleatorizado
Palabras clave:
Tenis de campo, Deporte infantil, Deporte juvenil, Lesiones deportivas, Entrenamiento de fuerzaResumen
Antecedentes: más del 50% del abandono deportivo en tenis de campo puede atribuirse a lesiones deportivas y el entrenamiento de fuerza es una de las mejores intervenciones para prevenirlas, pero no encontramos evidencia al respecto en tenis juvenil. Objetivo: determinar el efecto de un protocolo de entrenamiento de fuerza de nueve semanas sobre la prevalencia general e incidencia de lesiones por sobreuso en tenistas juveniles. Método: doce tenistas de la Liga Antioqueña de Tenis de Campo fueron aleatorizados en grupo experimental (n=7) y control (n=5); todos continuaron con sus entrenamientos habituales y solo el grupo experimental recibió la intervención de entrenamiento de fuerza de nueve semanas. Los desenlaces de interés fueron la prevalencia general y la incidencia de lesiones, para lo cual se aplicó el cuestionario OSTRC-O2 semanalmente. Los resultados se obtuvieron utilizando modelos de ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas. Resultados: de todos los tenistas solo una participante del grupo experimental fue excluida del análisis. La prevalencia general de lesiones por sobreuso fue de 18,18 % en el total de la muestra (n=11), correspondiente a un 100% en el grupo control. Hubo 2 lesiones en 147,27 horas de exposición durante el periodo de intervención, equivalente a 13,58 lesiones por 1000 horas de exposición. No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos (p=0,182). Conclusión: en su forma actual, la presente intervención de entrenamiento de fuerza no redujo el riesgo de lesiones por sobreuso en tenistas juveniles.
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