Effect of training with restriction of blood flow on strength, muscle mass and functionality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors

  • Felipe Montoya Castro University of Antioquia
  • Sebastián Salazar Cock University of Antioquia
  • Darwin Exnneider Varela Agudelo University of Antioquia
  • Fredy Alonso Patiño Villada University of Antioquia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4419-0750

Keywords:

Blood flow restriction, Older adults, Resistance training, Muscle mass, Physical function

Abstract

Background: Aging has been associated with a loss of strength, muscle mass and physical function known as sarcopenia´, which is associated with a high incidence of accidental falls observed among the elderly that can compromise their quality of life. Different studies suggest that blood flow restriction training (BFR) in combination with low loads can increase strength and muscle mass in older people and be a more comfortable and tolerable training for this population than training with high loads. However, the effects of this training system on older adults remains unclear. Objective: To determine the effect of BFR training on strength, muscle mass and physical function on older adults. Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies were identified via electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Lilacs and EBSCO) based on the following inclusion criteria: (a) Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of BFR training on strength, muscle mass and physical function on older adults; (b) participants of 60 years of age or over, trials that included younger participants were included if the mean age minus one standard deviation is more than 58 years. Three comparisons were made for the meta-analysis: (1) any training with BFR (BFR-T) vs control group (CG); (2) resistance training associated with BFR (BFR-RT) vs resistance training without BFR (RT) and (3) BFR-RT vs high-load resistance training without BFR (HL). Standardized mean differences and their respective confidence intervals were reported for the meta-analysis. The study quality was assessed with the PEDro scale. Results: Eight studies with 201 participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. According to PEDro scale studies had a regular quality. BFR-T had a small non-significant effect size on increasing muscle strength in older adults compared to CG (0.11 [-0.05, 0.28]) regardless of the type of training (resistance training or aerobic training). Likewise, regardless of the type of training, BFR-T had a small non-significant effect size on increasing muscle mass in older adults compared to CG (0.20 [-0.05, 0.46]). There were no significant differences between RT and BFRRT over strength gains in older adults (0.01 [-0,28, 0,25]). HL had a small non-significant effect size on increasing muscle strength in older adults compared to BFR-RT (0.17 [-0.18, 0.51]). Regarding physical function, BFR-T had a large effect over the time to complete Up and Go test (1.32 [0.49, 2.14] and Sit to Stand test (0.78 [0.10, 1.46]) compared to GC. Conclusions: BFR training is not an advantage on increasing strength and muscle mass in older adults compared to training without BFR. There are no changes in results depending on the type of training associated with BFR. However, BFR training is an advantage over the time to complete Up and Go test and Sit to Stand test. Future studies with higher methodological quality are necessary to determine how BFR training adaptations are related to changes in the physical function of older adults.

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Author Biographies

Felipe Montoya Castro, University of Antioquia

Degree in physical education

Sebastián Salazar Cock, University of Antioquia

Degree in physical education

Darwin Exnneider Varela Agudelo, University of Antioquia

Degree in physical education

Fredy Alonso Patiño Villada, University of Antioquia

Degree in Physical Education, Master in Innovation and Research in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Master in Public Health, Doctor of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences. Research Professor at the University of Antioquia - University Institute of Physical Education.

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Published

2019-02-20

How to Cite

Montoya Castro, F., Salazar Cock, S., Varela Agudelo, D. E., & Patiño Villada, F. A. (2019). Effect of training with restriction of blood flow on strength, muscle mass and functionality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. VIREF Revista De Educación Física, 7(4), 37–67. Retrieved from https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/viref/article/view/337536

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Artículo de revisión