Physical fitness and functional assessment in soccer players: review of literature
Keywords:
soccer players, evaluation tests, physical fitness, physical condition, sports formAbstract
Problem: Soccer is characterized by being a sport with high physiological demands that requires athletes to be at their highest physical level. For this, the performance of physical fitness evaluations by the medical team and physical preparation are essential, because they allow the identification of muscular and biomechanical alterations in athletes. In addition, they allow the development of individualized training and prevention programs to decrease the incidence rate of injuries and increase the physical qualities of athletes. Objective: conduct a review of the literature on the assessment tests used to assess physical fitness in soccer players. Methodology: A systematic search of the literature was carried out, where the inclusion criteria were taken into account: literature between the years 2000-2018; contain the MeSH terms: athlete, soccer, fitness, assessment; languages: Spanish, English or Portuguese; type studies: randomized clinical trials, meta-analyzes, case-controls, cohort studies, systematic reviews, and literature reviews. Results: it was determined that there are specific evaluation tests for physical qualities such as aerobic capacity and endurance, jump, strength, range of motion and flexibility, coordination, balance, balance, speed, agility and core in soccer players. Conclusion: there are different tests to evaluate the physical qualities of a soccer player, which allow identifying muscular, articular, biomechanical and proprioceptive disorders that can affect the physical state and performance of the athlete. The application of evaluation tests are the basis for developing individualized training programs in order to improve physical qualities, decrease muscle injuries and regain the sporty form of the players, as well as generate statistical data for the creation of physical training protocols and prevention of specific injuries in Colombian soccer players.
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