Absence of cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extract and esential oils of Carica candamarcensis Hook. (Plantae: Caricaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.14291Keywords:
aqueous extracts, Carica candamarcensis, essential oils, genotoxicity, Helicobacter pylori, mutagenicityAbstract
The aqueous extract and essential oils from the pulp of ripe fruits of Carica candamarcensis Hook. f. (1875) (chilacuán, cold weather papayuela) showed in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity; therefore, they may be considered promissory for a complementary therapy to control gastric infection of this bacterium. The present study contributes to further examine these extracts, evaluating: a) cytotoxicity through analysis of human lymphocytes isolated by the traditional Hystopaque® gradient method and cultured in RPMI-1640 medium; b) mutagenicity through the Ames assay; c) genotoxicity through alkaline electrophoresis of individual cells [comet assay (SGCE)]. For aqueous extract (AE), doses ranging from the original concentrated extract to 10-2 were evaluated (dilutions in sterile distilled water) and for essential oils (EO) they ranged from the original extract diluted in 1% DMSO up to 10-6. This study demonstrated that based upon the tests used, all evaluated concentrations were safe in a mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic level. However, further studies are required with other test methods to confirm or refute whether extracts induce significant DNA damage, or have antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects, to permit a subsequente development of a herbal medicine based upon C. candamarcensis as complementary therapy in patients with a record of infection with H. pylori.
Downloads
References
Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, Zhiri A, Idaomar M. 2005. Cytotoxicity and gene induction by some essential oils in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutation Research, 585 (1-2): 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.03.013
Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, Idaomar M. 2008. Biological effects of essential oils. Food and Chemical Toxicology [Internet], 46 (2): 446-475. Fecha de acceso: 08 de enero de 2010. Disponible en: <http://es.scribd.com/doc/25331323/2008-Biological-Effects-of-Essential-Oils-A-Review>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106
Bergonzelli GE, Donnicola D, Porta N, Corthésy-Theulaz IE. 2003. Essential oils as components of a diet-based approach to management of Helicobacter infection. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 47 (10): 3240-3246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.47.10.3240-3246.2003
Beric T, Nikolic B, Stanojevic J, Vukovic-Gacic B, Knezevic-Vukcevic J. 2008. Protective effect of basil (Ocimumbasilicum L.) against oxidative DNA damage and mutagenesis. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46 (2): 724-732. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.102
Boyum A. 1968. Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes
from human blood. Isolation of monuclear cells by one centrifugation, and of granulocytes by combining centrifugation and sedimentation at 1 g. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation,
Supplement, 97: 77-89.
Brugés K, Reguero-Reza M. 2008. Evaluación preliminar de toxicidad, genotoxicidad y actividad antimicrobiana de Sida rhombifolia L. Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología [Internet], 9 (1): 5-13. Fecha de acceso: 10 de agosto de 2011. Disponible en: .
Camargo MC, Yepez MC, Ceron C, Guerrero N, Bravo LE, Correa P, Fontham E. 2004. Age at acquisition of Helicobacter pylori infection: comparison of two areas with contrasting risk o gastric cancer. Helicobacter, 9 (3): 262-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-4389.2004.00221.x
Chinoy NJ, D’Souza JM, Padman P. 1994. Effects of crude aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds in male albino mice. Reproductive Toxicology, 8 (1): 75-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-6238(94)90070-1
Day RP. 1972. Basophil leucocyte separation from human peripheral blood: a technique for their isolation in high purity and high yield. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 2 (3): 205-212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01284.x
DiSotto A, Evandri MG, Mazzanti G. 2008. Antimutagenic and mutagenic activities of some terpenes in the bacterial reverse mutation assay. Mutation Research, 653 (1-2): 130-133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.04.004
Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F, Gasbarrini G. 1998. Helicobacter pylori y enfermedades extradigestivas. En: Pajares JM, Correa P, Pérez GI, editores. Infección por Helicobacter pylori en lesiones gastroduodenales. La segunda década. Barcelona (España): Prous Science, S. A. p. 99-105.
Gomes MT, Mello VJ, Rodrigues KC, Bemquerer MP, Lopes MT, Faça VM, Salas CE. 2005. Isolation of two plant proteinases in latex from Carica candamarcensis acting as mitogens for mammalian cells. Planta Medica, 71 (3): 244-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-837824
Gómez D, Morán M. 2005. Extracción e identificación de los metabolitos secundarios presentes en los frutos maduros de Carica candamarcensis Hooker filius [Tesis de Grado]. [Pasto (Colombia)]: Universidad de Nariño. p. 250.
González-Carbajal PM. 2002. El problema de la erradicación del Helicobacter pylori, la infección bacteriana más difundida en el mundo. Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral, 18 (3): editorial. Fecha de acceso: 5 de junio de 2010. Disponible en: <http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_issuetoc&pid=0864-
&lng=es&nrm=iso>.
Goodman KJ, Correa P, Tenganá-Aux HJ, Ramírez H, JP DeLany, Guerrero-Pepinosa O, López-Quiñones M, Collazos-Parra T. 1996. Helicobacter pylori infection in the Colombian Andes: a population-based study of transmission pathways. American Journal of Epidemiology, 144 (3): 290-299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008924
Jahangir T, Khan TH, Prasad L, Sultana S. 2006. Farnesol prevents Fe-NTA-mediated renal oxidative stress and early tumour promotion markers in rats. Human and Experimental Toxicology, 5: 235-242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/0960327106ht616oa
Koo H. 2003. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm accumulation and polysaccharide production by apigenin and tt-farnesol. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52 (5): 782-789. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkg449
Laciar A, Ruiz ML, Flores RC, Saad JR. 2009. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Artemisia echegarayi Hieron (Asteraceae). Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 41 (4): 226-231.
Maron D, Ames B. 1983. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutation Research, 113 (3-4): 173-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(83)90010-9
Mello VJ, Gomes MT, Lemos FO, Delfino JL, Andrade SP, Lopes MT, Salas CE. 2008. The gastric ulcer protective and healing role of cysteine proteinases from Carica candamarcensis. Phytomedicine, 15 (4): 237-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2007.06.004
Mena J, Yepez M, Santacruz A, Noguera E. 2005. Actividad antibacteriana in vitro de extractos de Carica candamarcensis sobre aislamientos de Helicobacter pylori. Revista del Centro de Estudios en Salud (Universidad de Nariño), 5 (6): 13-21.
Miguel MG. 2010. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils: a short review. Molecules, 15 (12): 9252-9286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15129252
Mortelmans K, Zeiger E. 2000. The Ames Salmonella/ microsome mutagenicity assay. Mutation Research, 455 (1-2): 29-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(00)00064-6
Pandrangi R, Petras M, Ralph S, Vrzoc M. 1995. Alkaline single cell gel (comet) assay and genotoxicity monitoring using bullheads and carp. Environmental and molecular mutagenesis, 26 (4): 345-356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/em.2850260411
Rojas E, Lopez MC, Valverde M. 1999. Single cell gel electrophoresis assay: methodology and applications. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 722 (1-2): 225-254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00313-2
Rompelberg CJ, Stenhuis WH, de Vogel N, van Osenbruggen WA, Schouten A, Vehagen H. 1995. Antimutagenicity of eugenolin the rodent bone marrow micronucleus test. Mutation Research, 346 (2): 69-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(95)90053-5
Sánchez F, Radaeva TV, Nikonenko BV, Persson AS, Sengul S, Schalling M, Schurr E, Apt AS, Lavebratt C. 2003. Multigenic control of disease severity after virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Infection and Immunity, 71 (1): 126-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.1.126-131.2003
Sherif M, Mohran Z, Fathy H, Rockabrand DM, Rozmajzl PJ, Frenck RW. 2004. Universal high-level primary metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolated from children in Egypt. Journal of Clinical DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.10.4832-4834.2004
Microbiology, 42 (10): 4832-4834.
Silva CR, Monteiro MR, Rocha HM, Ribeiro AF, Caldeira- de-Araujo A, Leitão AC, Bezerra RJ, Pádula M. 2008. Assessment of antimutagenic and genotoxic potential of senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) aqueous extract using in vitro assays. Toxicology In Vitro, 22 (1): 212-218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2007.07.008
Singh NP, Mccoy MC, Tice RR, Schneider. 1988. A simple technique for quantification of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Experimental Cell Research, 175 (1): 184-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(88)90265-0
Teixeira RD, Ribeiro HAL, Gomes MTR, Lopes MTP, Salas CE. 2008. The proteolytic activities in latex from Carica candamarcensis. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 46 (11): 956-961. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.06.010
Tice RR, Agurell E, Anderson D, Burlinson B, Hartmann A, Kobayashi H, Miyamae Y, Rojas E, Ryu J-C, Sasaki YF. 2000. Single cell gel/comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 35: 206-221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<206::AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-J
Watanabe T, Hasei T, Takahashi Y, Otake S, Murahashi T, Takamura T, Hirayama T, Wakabayashi K. 2003. Mutagenic activity and quantification of nitroarenes in surface soil in the Kinki region of Japan. Mutation Research, 538 (1-2): 121-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00109-8
Wu JY, Kim JJ, Reddy R, Wang WM, Graham DY, Kwon DH. 2005. Tetracycline-resistant clinical Helicobacter pylori isolates with and without mutations in 16S rRNA-encoding genes. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 49 (2): 578-583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.49.2.578-583.2005
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The authors exclusively authorize the Actualidades Biológicas journal to edit and publish the submitted manuscript if its publication is recommended and accepted, without this representing any cost to the Journal or the University of Antioquia.
All the ideas and opinions contained in the articles are sole responsibility of the authors. The total content of the issues or supplements of the journal is protected under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, so they cannot be used for commercial purposes, but for educational purposes. However, please mention the Actualidades Biológicas journal as a source and send a copy of the publication in which the content was reproduced.
