Composition and structure of the heteropterans (Hemiptera) on coastal lotic ecosystems from Colombian Pacific

Abstract

Aquatic and semiaquatic heteropterans present high richness in the Colombian Pacific Region. Studies about biology, ecology, as well as geographical and altitudinal distribution have provided a great amount of data about some species inhabiting brackish waters, as well as lentic and lotic freshwaters. Based on that, the aim of this study was to compare three communities of aquatic and semiaquatic heteropterans of lotic freshwater ecosystems from the Pacific coastal region in Colombia based on species composition, richness, diversity and abundance. In order to meet this objective, sites were sampled at altitudes ranging from 0 and 35 m of altitude above sea level in the Pacific littoral in Tumaco (Department of Nariño): two sites were located in permanent lotic ecosystems in the Mejicano and Caunapí rivers and a third site was located in a slow-flow intermittent stream in Candelillas. The composition, richness, diversity and abundance for each ecosystem, as well as the beta diversity on the basis of the Jaccard similarity coefficient and the value of importance of species for abundance were determined. A total of 339 individuals, seven families and 25 species were recorded. Each ecosystem presented 11 species, with Gerridae the most abundant family in the three ecosystems. Differences between the specific composition, diversity and abundance of the three ecosystems, in terms of genera and species, were determined. The similarity between the three aquatic ecosystems was lower than 20%. The intermittent stream in Candelillas was the aquatic ecosystem with the greatest diversity of heteropterans, according to the index of Shannon-Wiener. In the Mejicano River, Rhagovelia was the genus with a greatest number of species and individuals, and Telmatometra whitei was the most abundant species. In the Caunapí river, Rhagovelia was the genus with the greatest number of species and individuals and Martarega lofoides was the most abundant species. In the intermittent stream in Candelillas, Rheumatobates was the genus with the greatest number of species and individuals, and R. peculiaris was the most abundant species. The species with the highest Importance Value Index was Telmatometra whitei. The three coastal lotic ecosystems presented different compositions of heteropteran species and dissimilar structure over a very narrow altitudinal range.