Variación morfológica en Bolitoglossa vallecula (Amphibia: caudata: plethodontidae) en la cordinallera central de Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.14322Palabras clave:
divergencia de caracteres, morfología de la cabeza, Plethodontidae, variación morfológicaResumen
Cuantificamosla variación en el tamaño y forma del cuerpo y cabeza de Bolitoglossa vallecula en cuatro poblaciones de la Cordillera Central de Colombia. Dos de estas cuatro poblaciones ocurren en simpatría con B. ramosi una especie de salamandra ecológicamente similar que podría potencialmente competir con B. vallecula por recursos alimenticios. En ninguna de las poblaciones encontramos evidencias de dimorfismo sexual en el tamaño o forma de la cabeza, por lo tanto los datos de hembras y machos fueron agrupados. Las poblaciones difirieron significativamente en el tamaño promedio del cuerpo, pero esta variación no estuvo asociada con la elevación. Cuantificamos seis características de la forma de la cabeza asociadas con la morfología de la misma y las analizamos utilizando las proporciones de cada variable sobre la media geométrica, debido a que esta metodología es la más utilizada en la literatura para describir conformación mientras se controla por el efecto del tamaño. Una de las poblaciones simpátricas con B. ramosi (Bello) presentó diferencias significativas en la conformación de la morfología de la cabeza cuando se comparó con las poblaciones alopátricas, mientras que la otra población simpátrica no. Aunque en este trabajo la evidencia de desplazamiento de caracteres en respuesta a la competencia ecológica no es concluyente, este análisis destaca áreas de investigación que vale la pena adelantar en el futuro.
Descargas
Citas
Adams DC. 2000. Divergence of trophic morphology and resource use among populations of Plethodon cinereus and P. hoffmani in Pennsylvania: A possible case of character displacement. In: Bruce RC, Jaeger RJ, Houck LD, editors. The biology of plethodontid salamanders. New York (USA): Klewer Academic/Plenum. p. 383-394.
Adams DC. 2004. Character displacement via aggressive interference in Appalachian salamanders. Ecology, 85: 2664-2670.
Adams DC, Beachy CK. 2001. Historical explanations of phenotypic variation in the plethodontid salamander Gyrinophylus porphyriticus. Herpetologica, 57: 353-364.
Adams DC, Church JO. 2008. Amphibians do not follow Bergmann’s rule. Evolution, 62: 413-420.
Adams DC, Rohlf FJ. 2000. Ecological character displacement in Plethodon: Biomechanical differences found from a geometric morphometric study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 97: 4106-4111.
Adams DC, Rohlf FJ, Slice DE. 2004. Geometric morphometrics: Ten years of progress following the “revolution”. Italian Journal of Zoology, 71: 5-16.
Adams DC, West ME, Collyer ML. 2007. Location-specific sympatric morphological divergence as a possible response to species interactions in West Virginia Plethodon salamander communities. Journal of Animal Ecology, 76: 289-295.
Alberch P. 1981. Convergence and parallelism in foot morphology in the neotropical salamander genus Bolitoglossa. I. Function. Evolution, 35: 84-100.
Alberch P, Alberch J. 1981. Heterochronic mechanism of morphological diversification and evolutionary change in the neotropical salamander, Bolitoglossa occidentalis (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). Journal of Morphology, 167: 249-264.
Arif S, Adams DC, Wicknick JA. 2007. Bioclimatic modeling, morphology, and behaviour reveal alternative mechanisms regulating the distributions of two parapatric salamander species. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 9: 843-854.
Ashton KG. 2002. Do amphibians follow Bergmann’s rule? Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80: 708-716.
Bergmann C. 1847. Über die Verhälnisse der Warmeökonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grosse. Gott. Stud., 21: 595-708.
Brame AH Jr, Wake DB. 1963. The salamanders of South America. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum, Los Angeles County, 69: 1-73.
Brown WL, Wilson EO. 1956. Character displacement. Systematic Zoology, 5: 49-64.
Burnaby TP. 1966. Growth-invariant discriminant functions and generalized distances. Biometrics, 22: 96-110.
Butler MA, Losos JB. 2002. Multivariate sexual selection and adaptation in Greater Antillean Anolis lizards. Ecological Monographs, 72: 541-559.
Carr DE. 1996. Morphological variation among species and populations of salamanders in the Plethodon glutinosus complex. Herpetologica, 52: 56-65.
Chippendale PT, Price AH, Wiens, JJ, Hillis DM. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships and systematic revision of central Texas hemidactyliine plethodontid salamanders. Herpetological Monographs, 14:1-80.
Davis DR, Pauly GB. 2011. Morphological vartiation among populations of the western slimy salamander on the Edwards Plateau of central Texas. Copeia, 2011: 103-112.
Dayan T, Simberloff D. 2005. Ecological and community-wide character displacement: The next generation. Ecology Letters, 8: 875-894.
dos Reis SF, Pessôa LM, Strauss RE. 1990. Application of size-free canonical discriminant analysis to studies of geographic differentiation. Brasilian Journal of Genetics, 13: 509-520.
Emerson SB. 1985. Skull shape in frogs: Correlations with diet. Herpetologica, 41: 177-188.
Fraser DF. 1976a. Coexistence of salamanders in the genus Plethodon: A variation of the Santa Rosalia theme. Ecology, 57: 238-251.
Fraser DF. 1976b. Empirical evaluation of the hypothesis of food competition in salamanders of the genus Plethodon. Ecology, 56: 459-471.
Garcia-Paris M, Good DA, Parra-Olea G, Wake DB. 1998. Biodiversity of Costa Rican salamanders: Implications of high levels of genetic differentiation and phylogeographic structure for species formation.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 97: 1640-1647.
Garcia-Paris M, Parra-Olea G, Wake DB. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships within lowland tropical salamanders of the Bolitoglossa mexicana complex. In: Bruce RC, Jaeger RJ, Houck LD, editors. The biology of plethodontid salamanders. New York (USA): Klewer Academic/ Plenum. p. 199-214.
Gutiérrez EE, Molinari J. 2008. Morphometrics and taxonomy of bats of the genus Pteronotus (subgenus Phyllodia) in Venezuela. Journal of Mammalogy, 89: 292-305.
Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica [Internet], 4: 9. Accessed: 2011 February 1. Available from http://paleo electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm.
Hespenheide HA. 1973. Ecological inferences from morphological data. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4: 213-229.
Highton R. 1989. Biochemica evolution in the slimy salamanders of the Plethodon glutinosus complex in the eastern United States. Part I. Geographic protein variation. Illinois Biological Monographs, 57: 1-78.
Highton R. 1995 Speciation in eastern North American salamanders of the genus Plethodon. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 26: 579-600.
Highton R, Peabody RB. 2000. Geographic protein variation and speciation in salamanders of the Plethodon jordani and Plethodon glutinosus complexes in the southern Appalachian mountains with a description of four new species. In: Bruce RC, Jaeger RJ, Houck LD, editors. The biology of plethodontid salamanders. New York (USA): Klewer Academic/Plenum. p. 31-94.
Humphries JM, Bookstein FL, Chernoff B, Smith GR, Elder RL, Poss SG. 1981. Multivariate discrimination by shape in relation to size. Systematic Zoology, 30: 291-308.
Jaekel M, Wake DB. 2007. Developmental processes underlying the evolution of a derived foot morphology in salamanders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 104: 20437-20442.
Lleonart J, Salat J, Torres GJ. 2000. Removing allometric effects of body size in morphological analysis. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 205: 85-93.
Lynch JF, Wake DB, Yang SY. 1983. Genic and morphological differentiation in Mexican Pseudoeurycea (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with a description of a new species. Copeia, 1983: 884-894.
Maret TJ, Collins JP. 1997. Ecological origin of morphological diversity: A study of alternative trophic phenotypes in larval salamanders. Evolution, 51: 898-905.
Matsui M, Misawa Y, Nishikawa K. 2011. Morphological variation in a Japanese salamander, Hynobius kimurae (Amphibia, Caudata). Zoological Science, 26: 87-95.
Mosimann JE. 1970. Size allometry: Size and shape variables with characterizations of the lognormal and generalized gamma distributions. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 65: 930-945.
Mosimann JE, James FC. 1979. New statistical methods for allometry with application to Florida red-winged blackbirds. Evolution, 33: 444-459.
Myers EM, Adams DC. 2008. Morphology is decoupled from interspecific competition in Plethodon salamanders in the Shenandoah Mountains, USA. Herpetologica, 64: 281-189.
Páez VP, Bock BC, Estrada JJ, Ortega AM, Daza JM, Gutiérrez-C PD. 2002. Guía de campo de alguna especies de anfibios y reptiles de Antioquia. Medellín (Colombia): Multimpresos Ltda. p. 136.
Palacio JA, Muñoz EM, Gallo SM, Rivera M. 2006.Anfibios y reptiles del Valle de Aburrá. Medellín (Colombia): Editorial Zuluaga Ltda. p. 174.
Parra-Olea G, Wake DB. 2001. Extreme morphological and ecological homoplasy in tropical salamanders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA, 98: 7888-7891.
Parra-Olea G, Garcia-Paris M, Wake DB. 2004. Molecular diversification of salamanders of the tropical American genus Bolitoglossa (Caudata: Plethodontidae) and its evolutionary and
biogeographical implications. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 81: 325-346.
Pfenning KS, Pfenning DW. 2005. Character displacement as the “best of a bad situation”: Fitness trade-offs resulting from selection to minimize resource and mate competition. Evolution, 59: 2200-2208.
Pianka ER. 1969. Sympatry of desert lizards (Ctenotus) in western Australia. Ecology, 50: 1012-1030.
Renchen AC. 2002. Methods of multivariate analysis. New York (U.S.A.): John Wiley and Sons. p. 738.
Rohlf FJ, Marcus LF. 1993. A revolution in morphometrics. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8: 129-132.
Schluter D, McPhail JD. 1993. Character displacement and replicate adaptive radiation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8: 197-200.
Slice DE, Bookstein DL, Marcus LF, Rohlf FJ. 1998. A glossary for geometric morphometrics [Internet]. Accessed: 2011 February 1. Available from http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph/glossary/gloss1.html.
Smith TB. 1990. Resource use by bill morphs of an African finch: Evidence for intraspecific competition. Ecology, 68: 344-350.
Thorpe RS. 1976. Biometric analysis of geographic variation and racial affinities. Biology Revolution, 51: 407-452.
Wake DB, Brame AH Jr. 1972. New species of salamanders (genus Bolitoglossa) from Colombia, Ecuador and Panama. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum, Los Angeles County, 219: 1-34.
Wake DB, Jockusch EL. 2000. Detecting species borders using diverse data sets: Examples from Plethodontid salamanders in California. In: Bruce RC, Jaeger RJ, Houck LD, editors. The biology of plethodontid
salamanders. New York (USA): Klewer Academic/ Plenum. p. 95-120.
Wake DB, Roth G, Wake MH. 1983. On the problem of stasis in organismal evolution. Journal of Theoretica Biology, 101: 211-224.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Los autores autorizan de forma exclusiva, a la revista Actualidades Biológicas a editar y publicar el manuscrito sometido en caso de ser recomendada y aceptada su publicación, sin que esto represente costo alguno para la Revista o para la Universidad de Antioquia.
Todas las ideas y opiniones contenidas en los artículos son de entera responsabilidad de los autores. El contenido total de los números o suplementos de la revista, está protegido bajo Licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional, por lo que no pueden ser empleados para usos comerciales, pero sí para fines educativos. Sin embargo, por favor, mencionar como fuente a la revista Actualidades Biológicas y enviar una copia de la publicación en que fue reproducido el contenido.
