Revitalizando las terapias en enfermedades autoinmunes: Nanopartículas como alternativa de tratamiento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi/v47n122a06Palavras-chave:
Autoinmunidad, Inmunomodulaci´ón, Linfocitos B, Macrófagos, Monocitos, NanopartículasResumo
Las enfermedades autoinmunes son trastornos complejos caracterizados por una respuesta inmune anormal. En estas enfermedades, el sistema inmune identifica erróneamente diferentes componentes del propio organismo como extraños, lo que provoca inflamación crónica y daño en múltiples sistemas de órganos y tejidos. Los tratamientos actuales suelen implicar el uso de fármacos inmunosupresores que suprimen ampliamente la respuesta del sistema inmune. Aunque estos medicamentos pueden ayudar a aminorar los síntomas, también conlleva importantes efectos secundarios debido a su naturaleza inespecífica. La nanotecnología, a través de la nanomedicina, juega un papel crucial en el tratamiento de estas enfermedades, mejorando la eficacia terapéutica de los fármacos y minimizando su toxicidad. Esta tecnología permite mejorar la biodisponibilidad de los medicamentos, una distribución más precisa en el cuerpo y un control más exacto sobre la liberación de los fármacos. Las nanopartículas (NP) son fundamentales en este proceso, capaces de superar barreras biológicas y dirigir los medicamentos directamente a los sitios afectados, lo que aumenta su eficacia y reduce los efectos secundarios. Este enfoque es especialmente prometedor en el tratamiento de enfermedades autoinmunes y cáncer, donde las NP pueden dirigirse a células específicas, como los macrófagos, los monocitos, células dendríticas y linfocitos B, para entregar tratamientos de manera más efectiva, con menos toxicidad y efectos adversos. La investigación en nanotecnología continúa avanzando, ofreciendo esperanza para tratamientos más efectivos y personalizados.
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