Microorganisms isolated from polluted urban soils highly effectives in degrading recalcitrant pesticides

Liliana Rocío Botero-Botero; Sergio Augusto Upegui-Sosa; Gustavo Antonio Peñuela-Mesa

doi:10.17533/udea.redin.n81a10

Autores/as

Liliana Rocío Botero-Botero Universidad de Medellín
Sergio Augusto Upegui-Sosa Universidad de Medellín
Gustavo Antonio Peñuela-Mesa Universidad de Antioquia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.n81a10

Palabras clave:

bioremediación, clorpirifos, malation, suelo de Moravia, pesticidas organosfosforados, metil paratión

Resumen

Entre 1972 y 1984 todo tipo de residuos sólidos de la ciudad de Medellin fueron depositados en un área ocupada que no tuvo especificaciones técnicas para que fuesen depositados aquellos residuos. Allí fueron depositados residuos domesticos, hospitalarios e industriales que se fueron acumulando hasta alcanzar una montaña de residuos de más de 10 metros de altura, con el agravante que cuando clausuraron el sitio para el depósito de residuos sólidos allí se quedaron viviendo las personas que hacían reciclaje. Un diagnóstico llevado a cabo por el Grupo GDCON de la Universidad de Antioquia entre el 2004 y 2005, y financiado por el Área Metropiltana del Valle de Aburrá, se comprobó que los lixiviados de la montaña de residuos de Moravia, y que atravesaban algunas casas, tenía metales pesados, fenoles, sulfuros, benceno, tolueno, xileno, entre otros. En otro estudio realizado por el GDCON y la Universidad Nacional-sede de Medellín entre 2007 y 2009, se comprobó que las plantas y animales (ratones, cucarachas) de Moravia también contenían dichos contaminantes tóxicos. Por esta razón, la alcaldía de Medellín decidió trasladar a las personas que vivian en la montaña de residuos de Moravia a otro sitio de Medellin (entre 2010 y 2014). Consorcios microbianos aislados de los suelos de la montaña de residuos de Moravia (MS) mostraron una alta capacidad para degradar los pesticidas clorpirifos, metil paratión y malatión en concentraciones de 20, 30 y 130 mg Kg -1 en un estudio realizado en el laboratorio del GDCON. Como un punto de comparación, la degradación de los 3 pesticides fue también realizada por conconsorcios aislados de compost inmaduro (IC). El consorcio microbiano MS mostró mayor velocidad de degradación de clorpirifos, metil paratión y malatión que el consorcio microbiano IC.

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Biografía del autor/a

Liliana Rocío Botero-Botero, Universidad de Medellín

Docente, Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad, Biotecnologia y Bioingenieria (GRINBIO).

Sergio Augusto Upegui-Sosa, Universidad de Medellín

Grupo de Investigaciones y Mediciones Ambientales (GEMA).

Gustavo Antonio Peñuela-Mesa, Universidad de Antioquia

Grupo de investigación Diagnóstico y Control de la Contaminación (GDCON), Facultad de Ingeniería, Docente.

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