Aproximación a los conceptos de resiliencia y estabilidad de ecosistemas a través de un modelo espaciotemporal de dinámica de sistemas y agentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.n84a10Palabras clave:
resiliencia de ecosistemas, estabilidad de ecosistemas, ecohidrología, modelos basados en agentes, dinámica de sistemasResumen
Se presenta un modelo ecohidrológico simplificado para evaluar cuantitativamente la resiliencia y estabilidad de los ecosistemas durante largos períodos. El modelo acopla el balance hidrológico de humedad del suelo con un conjunto de dinámicas espaciotemporales de sistemas y algoritmos basados en agentes para representar las interacciones entre varias poblaciones de plantas en un área de grilla bajo diferentes restricciones de agua, suelo y temperatura. Las poblaciones de plantas se caracterizan por reglas alométricas (por ejemplo, leyes de potencia para tiempos generacionales y reproductivos; aproximaciones lineales para ganancias de agua y temperatura; pérdidas y valores óptimos; y un conjunto de reglas de interacción intra e interespecíficas basadas en respuestas de competencia altas, óptimas y bajas entre las poblaciones), que representan diferentes fenotipos de plantas. Los trastornos se determinan por una remoción de las poblaciones en un área dentro del dominio del modelo. La resistencia y la estabilidad se calculan con índices simples para determinar la capacidad del ecosistema para recuperarse de una perturbación. Los índices evaluados en cada población y sobre la estructura de todo el ecosistema muestran cómo las poblaciones responden de manera diferente a los disturbios, siguiendo patrones similares a los esperados en la naturaleza. El modelo puede representar la sucesión espacial y temporal del ecosistema después de ser perturbado, lo que sugiere que las diferencias en las características fenotípicas de las poblaciones de plantas pueden ser ventajosas o desventajosas para la recuperación del ecosistema.
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